Journal of Natural Product for Degenerative Diseases

Identification of Ethanol Extract Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) with LC-HRMS and Antioxidant Activity Testing

2025-03-30T21:29:57+00:00

Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds, which have the potential to provide health benefits. This study aims to identify active compounds in butterfly pea flower extract and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Compound identification was performed using LC-HRMS is an analytical technique that combines liquid chromatography (LC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), while antioxidant activity was tested using radical scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Analytical results showed that butterfly pea flower contain major flavonoid compounds, Butterfly Pea Flower contain compounds glycitein, quercetin, apigenin, kaemferol, laserpitin. The antioxidant activity test showed that Butterfly Pea Flower extract has a weak antioxidant capacity, which has the potential to counteract free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. These findings confirm that butterfly pea flower s have potential as a natural source of antioxidants that can be developed for pharmaceutical and functional food applications.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Glucomannan Resulting from β-mannanase Enzyme Hydrolysis in RAW 264.7 Cells

2025-03-30T21:29:53+00:00

Glucomannan is a polysaccharide of the hemicellulose type, composed of glucose and mannose chains. It has the ability to form solutions that expand and thicken. The bioactivity of carbohydrates is influenced by the length of their saccharide chains. Hydrolysis can alter the structural dimensions of polysaccharides, including molecular weight, type, number, and position of substituent groups, which in turn impacts their biological activity. Various methods can modify carbohydrate structures to enhance their value, with degradation being one such method. Enzymatic degradation is particularly advantageous due to its high specificity, efficiency, and minimal side effects. Numerous studies have identified glucomannan as having immunomodulatory effects on macrophage cells. When stimulated with lipopolysaccharides, macrophages release various cytokines and inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, iNOS, and NO. This study explored the potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucomannan (GM) and its enzymatically hydrolyzed form (Enz-GM) on RAW 264.7 cells. The research involved degrading glucomannan using the β-mannanase enzyme, followed by in vitro testing of the degradation product (Enz-GM) for anti-inflammatory activity. This was achieved using an ELISA kit to measure the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. The results showed that Enz-GM at pH 9 (Mw 1.24 kDa) significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and iNOS (p ≤ 0.05) compared to GM, while TNF-α expression did not show a significant difference between Enz-GM and GM.

Development and Optimization of Facial Wash Gel with Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract: a Study on HPMC Concentration Variations

2025-03-30T21:29:48+00:00

The stability of facial wash gel formulations is influenced by the concentration of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), which plays a crucial role in determining viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and foam stability. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize the physical stability of facial wash gel containing okra extract 3% (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) by varying HPMC concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%). The formulations were assessed for homogeneity, syneresis, pH stability, viscosity, spreadability, and foam stability over a 28-day storage period at room temperature (25°C). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, including Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene’s test for homogeneity, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test to determine significant differences among formulations. The results showed that HPMC concentration significantly influenced gel stability. F1 (1% HPMC) exhibited syneresis, excessive spreadability, and lower viscosity, indicating poor structural integrity. F2 (1.5% HPMC) maintained moderate stability but showed significant changes in spreadability over time. F3 (2% HPMC) demonstrated the best stability with optimal viscosity, minimal syneresis, controlled spreadability, and consistent foam formation. pH values for all formulations remained within the acceptable range (4.5–7.8, SNI 16-4380-1996). Foam stability (60–70%) met regulatory standards (SNI 16-4085-1996), with higher HPMC concentrations contributing to increased foam retention. The study confirms that HPMC concentration is a key determinant of gel stability. F3 (2% HPMC) exhibited the most stable formulation, balancing viscosity, spreadability, and foam stability, making it the optimal formulation for facial wash gel development. These findings highlight the importance of gelling agent optimization in cosmetic formulations, ensuring both product stability and consumer acceptability.

Review article : The Possible Application of Natural Ingredients in Cosmetics for Hair Growth and Strengthening

2025-03-30T21:31:42+00:00

Hair is the most significant aspect in supporting look, it requires regular care for problematic scalp and hair, which can be achieved by using products containing hair and scalp care chemicals. The use of natural ingredients as main raw materials and additional raw materials has long been carried out in the cosmetics industry, because they are known to be rich in nutritional content and benefits so they can be used to make beauty and hair care products. The main objective of this literature study activity is to identify the potential contained in the natural to use strengthening and regrowing on the scalp and hair. The literature study was carried out by searching national and international journal literature from 1981 to 2023 regarding natural ingredients in products, namely: lavender, peppermint, rosemary, grapeseed oil, olive oil and bidara oil. Based on literature studies, the results showed that the natural ingredients contained in the product have been proven to have the potential to regrowing, moisturize, strengthen and nourish the scalp and hair, as well as being more environmentally friendly than chemicals and safe to use.

Formulation, characterization, antioxidant and sun protection factor activity of red pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) peel extract in sunscreen lotion

2025-03-30T21:29:42+00:00

Red pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) contains phenolic compounds of elagic acid as antioxidants and flavonoids and tannins as sunscreens in protecting the skin against ultra violet radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the sunscreen and antioxidant activity of red pomegranate peel extract, also the formation of its stable sunscreen lotion and to determine its SPF and antioxidant activity. Red pomegranate peel was macerated with 70% ethanol and concentrated. Antioxidant activity testing using FRAP method and determination of SPF value, spectrophotometric method was used along with Mansur equation. Lotion formulation was done by adding red pomegranate peel extract as much as 0.06% (F1); 0.12% and 0.24% (F2). The lotion preparation was evaluated for physical and chemical parameters including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity and flow properties, lotion type, pH, spreadability, determination of SPF value and stability test using freeze and thaw method. The results showed the IC₅₀ value of red pomegranate peel extract was 12.42 ± 0.01 bpj and the value of sunscreen activity at a concentration of 400 bpj gave an SPF value of 25.91 ± 0.01. The result of testing the physical properties showed that the lotion type was o/w, viscosity ranges from 10400 to 12000 cPs, pH test from 7.25 to 7.60, spreading power from 6.31 to 6.42 cm. The lotion was stable as there was no phase separation observed after centrifugation, freeze-thaw and thermal stress tests. For the lotion of red pomegranate peel extract showed antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 98.73 bpj (F1); 68.89 bpj (F2); 48.30 bpj (F3) and sunscreen values of 13.11 ± 0.02 (F1); 20.78 ± 0.02; 24.78 ± 0.04. It can be concluded that red pomegranate peel extract has very strong antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity with moderate protection, and can be formulated into lotion preparations with good quality parameters.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effect: an Experimental Study of Purple Leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Decoction

2025-03-30T21:29:38+00:00

Purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) are known to contain flavonoid compounds as anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study aims to obtain the efficacy of purple leaf decoction as anti-inflammatory and analgesic. The anti-inflammatory study used the Winter method with Sprague Dawley rat test, were divided into 5 groups, negative control was only given aquadest, positive control with a dose of diclofenac sodium 8.0208 mg/200g BW, and 3 groups of decoction with doses of 5.4 mg/200g BW, 10.8 mg/200g BW and 21.6 mg/200g BW. Anti-inflammatory testing was carried out by measuring the decrease in the volume of edema on the soles of the rat's feet. Analgesic testing using the Siegmund method with Deutche Denken Yoken mice. The mice were divided into 5 groups, negative control was only given aquadest, positive control with a dose of diclofenac sodium 1.1586 mg/20g BW, and 3 groups of decoction with doses of 1 mg/20g BW, 2 mg/20g BW and 4 mg/20g BW. The analgesic study was carried out by calculating the decrease in the number of writhing mice. The results of the percentage of anti-inflammatory effectiveness of purple leaf decoction doses (5.4 mg/200g BW, 10.8 mg/200g BW and 21.6 mg/200g BW) were 51.77%, 68.77% and 79.46%, respectively. The results of the percentage of analgesic effectiveness of purple leaf decoction doses (1 mg/20g BW, 2 mg/20g BW and 4 mg/20g BW) were 54.03%, 71.62% and 79.73%, respectively. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that purple leaf decoction has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.