Journal of Natural Product for Degenerative Diseases

In Silico Studies: Stigmastan-3,6-dione in the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Momordica charantia L Fruit has immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory activity

Rachmi Ridho — 2024-09-30

Momordica charantia L fruit provides an immunomodulatory effect by stimulating certain components of the body's immune system. Bioactive phytochemicals from M. charantia L function as anti-inflammatory agents by reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-kB. This research looks at the insilico mechanism of action of the active ingredient of the EtOAc fraction of M. charantia L fruit as an immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory. The materials and methods used were an Intel Core i7 10 Th Gen laptop, Chem Office Professional 17.1, Chem 2D, Chem 3D software, PDB code (6W9K) and ligand (TUA), Stigmastan-3,6 dione (C₂₉H₄₈O₂) from the EtOAc fraction of fruit M. charantia L was docked using MVD software, RMSD and RMSF values were viewed using Yasara Software, pkCSM online tool to predict compound toxicity, toxicity prediction (LD₅₀) was used by Protox online tool. The results of molecular docking of standard compounds, namely Methylprednisolone and Prednisolone and Stigmastan-3,6-dione, have Rerank Score values of -120.62, -121.47, -79.50, respectively. The lower the Rerank score value, the lower the binding energy between the protein and the ligand, causing the protein and ligand bonds to be more stable and it is predicted that the activity of the compound will be greater. The movement of RMSD values between 0.6-1.9 Å for the 3 (three) compounds, is still within stable limits and does not undergo conformation. The RMSF value of the 3 (three) compounds has the same amino acid residue pattern. The insilico toxicity prediction for the 3 (three) compounds is still within safe limits. The EtOAc fraction of M. charantia L fruit with the active compound Stigmastan-3,6-Dione in its mechanism of action in silico shows activity as an anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant that works on the NF-kB pathway.

Literature Study: Potential of Garcinia latissima Miq. for Skin Care - a Mini Review

Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati — 2024-09-30

The species Garcinia Latissima Miq. is native to Southeast Asia's tropical rain forests, primarily in Papua and Maluku. This plant is well-known for its thick-skinned fruit, used as a spice in traditional recipes. Garcinia Latissima Miq is also used in traditional medicine. Its use as a traditional medicine is because Garcinia Latissima Miq. has long been recognized as a source of phenolic compounds, and earlier research has shown that the chemicals extracted have biological activity as antioxidants, antibacterials, and antimicrobials. This study aimed to gather adequate information on the Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant's potential for usage as a cosmetic or skincare ingredient. A literature review was done in this study to obtain data from prior investigations. According to the findings of this investigation, the Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant possesses anti-elastase, which helps maintain skin elasticity, and contains flavonoids that inhibit tyrosinase in melanogenesis. Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant has the potential to maintain skin elasticity and brightness.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effect from Decoction of Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.)

Sondang Khairani — 2024-09-30

Itchy leaves have the ability as analgesics, anti-inflammatory, asthma, antimalaria and antihypertension. Empirically in Maluku and Papua, itchy leaves are used topically to treat pain and inflammation. This study aims to examine the antiinflammatory and analgetic effects orally of an Itchy leaves decoction. Anti-inflammatory testing using the Winter method, rats were divided 5 groups negative control given aquadest, positive control given sodium diclofenac 1.8 mg/200 g BW rats, the test group given an infusion of itchy leaves dose 0.3 g/Kg BW (I), 0.6 g/Kg BW (I) and 1.2 g/Kg BW (III). Analgesics testing using Siegmund method, mice were divided 5 groups, negative control given aquadest, positive control given sodium diclofenac 0.26 mg/20 g BW mice, the test group given decoction of itchy leaves dose 0.4 g/Kg BW (I), 0.8 g/Kg BW (II) and 1.6 g/Kg BW (III). Results of Mann-whitney test, infusion of itchy leaves had a significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect on the negative control group, p value <0.05. Precentage of positive control edema inhibition and the test group dosage I, II, III was obtained by 27.94%; 15.97%; 25.89%; and 26.86%, percentage inhibition of positive control and the test group dosage I, II, III was obtained by 59.42%; 43.93%; 45.70% and 80.22%. Itchy leaves decoction has a lower anti-inflammatory effect than diclofenac sodium. The analgesics effect of decoction of Itchy leaves at doses of 0.4 g/Kg BW and 0.8 g/Kg BW was lower, dose of 1.6 g/Kg BW was higher than diclofenac sodium.

Evaluation of Physical Attributes and Efficacy of Lip Balm Formulated with Okra Fruit Extract (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Fructus)

Ana Yulyana — 2024-09-30

The okra fruit (A esculentus fructus) is renowned for its significant antioxidant properties, attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds. Despite its high antioxidant activity, which has been extensively documented, its potential as a component in cosmetic formulations particularly lip balm preparation remains underutilized. This study seeks to address this gap by incorporating okra fruit extract into lip balm formulations and evaluating the resulting physical and functional attributes. Lip balm formulations were developed with three varying concentrations of Ethanol okra fruit extract: F1 (1%), F2 (3%), and F3 (5%). A series of comprehensive evaluations were conducted to assess the physical stability and performance of the lip balms, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, melting point, spreadability, and overall stability. Stability was monitored over a 28-day period at room temperature to simulate typical storage conditions. The antioxidant efficacy of the okra extract was quantified using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, which yielded an IC₅₀ value of 10.06 µg/ml, reflecting its potent free radical scavenging capacity. In comparison, the lip balm formulations demonstrated higher IC₅₀values, with Formulation I (FI) at 46.35 µg/ml, Formulation II (FII) at 40 µg/ml, and Formulation III (FIII) at 30.23 µg/ml, indicating a reduction in antioxidant activity in the formulated products compared to the pure extract.. The lip balm formulations exhibited a distinct okra aroma, smooth texture, and uniform color variations ranging from light brown (F1), brown (F2), to dark brown (F3). pH values ranged from 5.40 to 5.81, and melting points were between 49.6°C and 52.9°C, all within the acceptable range as per SNI 16-4769-1998 standards. ANOVA statistical analysis revealed no significant changes (p > 0.05) in melting point and spreadability over time. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted in pH values, with further analysis indicating that formulations F2 and F3 differed significantly from F1 (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that okra fruit extract not only enhances the antioxidant properties of lip balm but also maintains its stability and functionality, supporting its potential as a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

The Effectiveness of Sunscreen Cream with Ethanol Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)

Anarisa Budiati — 2024-09-30

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) (PCL) contains flavonoid compounds that can absorb UV light therefore having the potential to be developed as a raw material for cosmetics that functions as a sunscreen. The research aims to formulate PCL extract into a sunscreen cream. Sungkai leaves are macerated using 96% ethanol solvent. Specific and non-specific parameter tests were carried out on the extract as well as antioxidant tests using the DPPH method and SPF tests using the Mansur method. The results of this research showed that 96% ethanol extract of PCL had a blackish-green color, pH 5.25; the ethanol and water-soluble essence levels were 6.25% and 5.17%. The water content obtained is 27.4%; drying shrinkage is 0.46%; total ash content is 0.12% and acid insoluble ash content is 0.1%. The antioxidant value obtained was 35.06 ppm. Three cream formulations were prepared (FI of 0.1753%, FII of 0.3506%, and FIII of 0.5259%) and evaluated for organoleptic, homogeneity, cream type, viscosity, pH, particle size, and spreadability tests for one month at 25℃ and 40℃. The organoleptic test results of the cream have a soft texture, with varying colors; light green (FI), green (FII), and dark green (FIII) color. Other evaluation test results show that the cream has a pH of 5.16 - 6.73, a spreadability of 6.47 - 8.07 cm, a viscosity of 15466.67 - 38933.33 cPs, a particle size of 9.88 - 16.17 µm and an SPF of 17.68 (FI), 27.46 (FII), and 33.64 (FIII) with ultra protection on all three. PCL extract after being formulated into creams shows high SPF activity with F3 as the best formula. PCL extract can be formulated into a cream form that meets physical and chemical quality parameters.

Molecular structure similarity analysis using Tanimoto coefficient and its correlation analysis with Maltase-glucoamylase inhibitory activity of Nigella sativa’s compounds

Nurita Andayani — 2024-09-30

Nigella sativa is one of the medicinal plants that are efficacious for treating diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to damage of insulin action, insulin production, and/or both. In this study, the molecular structure similarity analysis of the compounds in Nigella sativa to acarbose and the correlation analysis of the similarity with its activity as antidiabetic with the mechanism of maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) inhibition was carried out. Similarity analysis has been done used Tanimoto coefficient. The prediction of MGAM inhibitory activity has been done using molecular docking with molegro virtual docker. The Kaempferol 3-glucosyl-(1-2)-galactosyl-(1-2)-glucoside; (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene; Quercetin 3-glucosyl-(1-2)-galactosyl-(1-2)-glucoside; Oleic Acid has activity as an inhibitor of MGAM with rerank score -107.8770, -102.1760, -95.7338, -92.4246 respectively and these has Tanimoto score 0.426, 0.319, 0.413, 0.357 respectively. The correlation analysis obtained that there is a significant relationship between the Tanimoto Coefficient and Rerank Score with the opposite relationship because the correlation value is negative. Greater the degree of molecular structure similarity of Nigella sativa’s compounds to acarbose more likely has the similar biological activity as MGAM inhibitory