Journal of Natural Product for Degenerative Diseases

The Formulation and Test of Antioxidant Activity from Serum Gel of the Extract Chrysanthemum Flower (Chrysanthemum Indicum L.)

Shelly Taurhesia, Dellia Nursyifa Rosdiana, Diah Kartika Pratami — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Skin as the outermost layer of the body will be first exposed to UV light, and pollution which may form free radicals and lead to premature aging, so the application of antioxidants is indispensable. One of the skin cares that are in great demand is serum. A plant that has a high content of antioxidants and is widely cultivated in Indonesia is the chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum indicum L.). Previous research stated that the IC₅₀ value of chrysanthemums was 43.34 ppm. This study aimed to determine the IC₅₀ value contained in chrysanthemum flower extract and formulate it into serum gel that contains antioxidants and meets physical parameters. The method used in determining the IC₅₀ value is the DPPH method. The formulation was carried out by adding different levels of chrysanthemum flower extract to the formula. The evaluation test includes organoleptic, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and antioxidant activity and stability test at room temperature (25^oC) and high temperature (40^oC). The results obtained were IC₅₀ values of chrysanthemum flower extracts was 32.78 ± 0.01 ppm while the IC₅₀ of serum gel were 109.10 ± 0.1 ppm (F1) and 73.51 ± 0.08 ppm (F2) and after 4 weeks stored at room temperature the IC₅₀ 114.02 ± 0.09 ppm (F1) and 76.39 ± 0.06 ppm (F2). The conclusion is that chrysanthemum flower extract has a very strong antioxidant activity, and the serum gel has a strong antioxidant activity and is stable at both room temperature and 40^oC for 4 weeks.

Study of Potential Antiobesity Compounds from Amylchlorogenate Derivates on Leptin Hormone and their Toxicity using Molecular Docking Approach

Faridah, Shirly Kumala, Gumilar Adhi Nugroho, Partomuan Simanjuntak — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Chlorogenic acid, a type of phenolic acid, is a polar compound that has anti-obesity effects with unclear mechanisms. This study aims to obtain compounds that are active as antiobesity, their interaction with receptors and its toxicity. This research was carried out in several steps, internal validation of targets and methods using Yasara, docking of test compounds and positive control using PLANTs, interaction visualization using Pymol and toxicity testing using Protox-II. Validation results show four receptors and test method meet the requirements. Docking results of setmelanotide on receptor code 1PXH -113.81; 2QBP -109.163; 2QBR -110.113, 2; QBS -110.817 kcal/mol respectively. The docking results of the test compounds in 1PXH namely 7,4,5-Triamylchlorogenate (compound a) -114,333 kcal/mol. In 2QBP namely 7,3'-Diamylchlorogenate (110,152) (compound b), (compound a) (-109,818), 7,4,3',4'-Tetraamylchlorogenate (compound c) (-115,309), 7,5,3',4'-Tetraamylchlorogenate (compound d) (-112,85), 7,4,5,3',4'-Pentaamylchlorogenate (compound e) (-110,414) and 2',5'-Diamylchlorogenic acid (compound f) (-113, 565) kcal/mol. In 2QBR namely, (compound a) (-114,276), (compound e) (-111,059), and (compound f) (-110,398) kcal/mol. In 2QBS namely, (compound a) (-113.53), and (compound d) (-111,676) kcal / mol. The active site of amino acids that have affinity are, ARG45 and LYS120 in 1PXH; ASP48, SER118 and ARG47 in 2QBP; ASP48 and ARG24 in 2QBR; ASP48 and GLN262 in 2QBS code. Toxicity tests obtained oral LD50 of 5000 mg/kg BW (compounds a and f); 3800 mg/kg BW (compounds b, c, d and e). The potential compound that was active in all the test receptor codes was 7,4,5-Tripentylchlorogenate (compound a). All active test compounds were relatively safe.

Formulation and Characterization of Antioxidant Capsules Containing Cantigi Extract-loaded Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Nanoprecipitation Method

Kosasih, Deny Susanti, Immanuel Puji Hosanna Asianski, Dede Irving Maryanto — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cantigi extract exhibit numerous activities, including antioxidants. Various dosage forms have been developed, except a capsule formulation. Capsule formulation offers numerous advantages. Objectives: To prepare and characterize the cantigi extract, extract-loaded nanoparticles, capsules containing extract, and capsules containing nanoparticles as antioxidants. Methods: The Cantigi extract was prepared using the maceration method and characterized for both specific and non-specific parameters. The preparation of extract-loaded nanoparticles utilized the nanoprecipitation method with gelatin, poloxamer, and glutaraldehyde as the polymer, stabilizer, and crosslinker, respectively. Characterization of the nanoparticle included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Capsule formulation (F): F1 contained the extract, while F2 contained the nanoparticles. Capsule characterization involved assessment of content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration, and release profile. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method for extract, nanoparticles and capsules. Results: The cantigi extract met specific and non-specific parameters. Nanoparticle size was found to be 235.8+12.62 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.226+0.050, a zeta potential of -8.53+0.27 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 52.69+1.06%. Characteristics of F1 and F2 included content uniformity of 97.24+4.23 and 89.86+1.48%, weight variation of 185.5+1.31 and 127.22+1.86%, disintegration time of 3.67-4.08 and 5.35-5.97 minutes, extract content of 97.24+4.23 and 89.86±1.48%, and release rate of 86.78+3.98 and 61.79+3.48%, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extract, extract-loaded nanoparticles, and capsules (F1 dan F2) were determined to be 17.40+0.94, 33.60+1.85, 66.81+1.46, and 106.61+3.32 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Cantigi extract and nanoparticles exhibited potent antioxidant activities while meeting quality parameters. The capsule formulation displayed varying antioxidant activities and release profiles, with capsules containing nanoparticles demonstrating a sustained release profile.

Study of The In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Effect of The Ethanol Extract Indian Nettle Plant (Acalypha indica Linn)

Sondang Khairani, Ros Sumarny, Yurista Elystra — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The body can experience fever and pain, when inflammation occurs. Indian nettle plant (Acalypha Indica Linn.) are known to contain flavonoid compounds which are thought to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effect. This study aims to test the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effect of the ethanol extract of 70% Indian Nettle plant. Method each test used 5 groups, negative control all given Na CMC 0,5%. Antiinflammatory use rats with Winter method, aspirin 40,43mg/200gBB, the test group dose 70mg/200gBW (I), 140mg/200gBW (II), 280mg/200gBW (III), antipyretics use rats with Brewer's yeast method, aspirin 21,45mg/200gBW, the test group dose 70mg/200gBW (I), 140mg/200gBW (II), 280mg/200gBW (III). Analgesic use mice with the Siegmund method, aspirin 3,10mg/20gBB, the test group dose of 10mg/20gBB (I); 20mg/20gBB (II); 40mg/20g BW (III). Results Kruskall Wallis test, the anti-inflammatory effect significant difference to negative control, p value <0,05. Percentage of inhibition positive control edema and test dosage I, II, and III obtained 34,44%; 18,88%; 21,37%, and 29,61%. The Mann Whitney test, the antipretic and analgesic effects significant difference to the negative control, p value <0,05. The decreased percentage of fever in positive control and dosage I, II, and III test preparations was 3,74%; 2,60%; 2,55%; 3,01%. Inhibition percentage of stretching positive control and test dosage I, II, and III obtained 41,05%; 24,46%; 27,78%; and 33,31%. Conclussion: Wriggling inhibition (analgesic) had the highest presentation dose III 33,31% compare to anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, lower than aspirin as positive control 41,05% (p<0,05).

Effects of 70% Ethanol Extract of Foeniculum vulgare and Coleus amboinicus as a Potential Diarrhea Treatment Using Intestine Transit Method

Nadia Larasinta Heriatmo, Ros Sumarny, Yori Chikita Pratama, Arini Amalia Putri — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Diarrhea is a condition where the frequency of defecation increases more than three times a day. In underdeveloped nations like Indonesia, diarrhea is a sickness that frequently affects people. Diarrhea can be fatal, causing dehydration and even death if not treated properly. Using alternative treatments like fennel seeds and cumin leaves is one way to treat diarrhea. Fennel seeds and cumin leaves includes secondary tannin metabolites that are effective antidiarrheal agents. Test the antidiarrheal effect of Foeniculum vulgare ethanol extract (FVEE) and Coleus amboinicus ethanol extract (CAEE) using the intestinal transit method on mice was carried out on 9 groups, each group consisting of 5 mice: negative control, Loperamide control, Diapet® control, FVEE and CAEE at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. To induce diarrhea through oral administration, castor oil was used in experiments. Four hours following the start of the induction, the treatment group received. They received norit an hour later, and the mice were sacrificed 20 minutes after receiving norit. The intestines were taken out of the mice after they had been dissected, starting from the rectum to the pylorus. Measured the length of the intestine overall and the portion that passed through the norit marker. Calculations were made to determine how much of the gut went by a marker compared to the entire intestine. The results of the study showed that FVEE has an antidiarrheal effect at a level of 100 mg/kg and CAEE has an antidiarrheal effect at a dose of 200 mg/kg.

Formulation of Instant Granule of Japanese Taro Tuber Extract (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) Based on Milk With Various Binders for Stunting Prevention

Anarisa Budiati, Kartiningsih, Satrio Damar Wicaksono — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Japanese taro root extract (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) includes Fe and Zn, which the body need to prevent stunting. The goal of this investigation was to see how different binder types affected the physical and chemical properties of instant granule preparations. The formula for an instant granule dry extract of Japanese taro root was developed using the wet granulation method with various binders, including PVP (F1), Mucillago amili (FII), and Na-CMC (FIII), and then tested for physical, chemical, and Fe and Zn content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The test findings showed that the flow rate of instant granules of Japanese taro root extract formulations I, II, and III was (4.6840-4.7956) g/s, with an angle of repose of 26.86-31.08°. The granules had particle sizes ranging from 670,2295-703,2438 μm, a compressibility index of 15.91-19.00%, and moisture content of 2.80-3.58%. The immediate granule test was performed after being dispersed in water; formulations I, II, and III had dispersion periods of 40.33-50.33 seconds, specific gravity of 1.0099-1.0101 g/mL, viscosity of 1.3589-1.6352 cps, sedimentation volume of 0.940-0.955, and pH of 6.60-6.65. Formulas II using 10% muchilago amyl binder had the greatest Fe and Zn levels, at 34.40 mg/kg and 16.19 mg/kg, respectively. The statistical test revealed a significant effect of different binders on angle of repose, moisture content, dispersion time, pH, and viscosity of Japanese taro root extract granules (p-value < 0.05).