Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa dan Inovasi

Cover and Preface Vol. 6 No. 1, January 2024

2024-02-05T13:42:33+00:00

Finite Element Analysis of Aluminum Based R22 Car Wheel Design Modification

2024-02-05T15:46:26+00:00

The wheels are one of the main parts of the vehicle. To make car wheels, manufacturers must complete several stages. Especially in the design of the wheels. This study aims to determine the comparative value of three different types of wheels with the same material using aluminum type 6061-T6 (SS). We will test the three-wheel models, namely model 1, model 2, and model 3, with a force of 3000 N and a pressure of 800 N to compare their performance. This test uses Solidworks 2019 software with the finite electronic analysis (FEA) method. The results obtained are the value of Von Misses stress, resulting displacement, equivalent strain and its deformation, and factor of safety. The dimensions of the wheels are 22 inches. The results of the best Model 3 alloy wheel research indicate that the design process is easier. These wheels have a Von Misses stress value of 11.02 MPa with a resulting displacement value of 0.021 mm, an equivalent strain of 0.000096, a safety factor of 25, and a deformation value of 1. Based on these results, model 3 alloy wheels are safe.

Effect of Adding Inhibitors from Dried Tea Leaf Powder and Calcium Nitrate to Concrete and Reinforcement on the Corrosion Rate of Reinforcement and Concrete Compressive Strength

2024-02-05T15:47:18+00:00

Indonesia has many coastal areas; sometimes coastal areas have a typical problem like seawater intrusion, causing seawater to be forced to be used as a solution, replacing fresh water in concrete mixtures. However, using seawater can be harmful to the reinforcement because of the chloride ion content in seawater. The result of this study is to determine the effect of seawater on reinforced concrete, as well as examine corrosion inhibitors that can reduce the corrosion rate of concrete reinforcement, the effects of reinforcement on corrosion rate, and the effect of concrete on compressive strength when added inhibitor material. Research method using experimental by making concrete specimens using seawater as a mixing agent for concrete mortar, adding calcium nitrate to it, and in other concrete specimens adding crushed tea leaves. Concrete bar using a plain round reinforcing bar with a diameter of 10 mm and 280 MPa tensile strength. The results of the analysis showed that concrete with a mixture of tea leaves weighing 1.6 kg/m³ of concrete produced the smallest iron weight loss; the largest compressive strength for concrete with inhibitor was produced by concrete specimens with tea leaves weighing 0.8 kg/m³ of concrete.

The Effect of Air Pressure and Nozzle Distance on the Quality of Water-Based Painting Using a Gravity-Feed Spray Gun

2024-02-05T15:50:26+00:00

Environmental influences can cause corrosion or damage to materials, which is why paint coating is used to protect them. Some of the factors that affect the quality of the paint are technical, such as setting the air pressure and spray gun nozzle spacing. The experimental research aims to determine how air pressures of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 bar and nozzle spacings of 10–15–20 cm affect the gloss and thickness of the water-based paint layer. A gravity-feed spray gun was used for this purpose. The luster test method uses an AMTAST AMN60 glossmeter with the ASTM D523-08 standard, and the thickness test uses a coating thickness gauge with the ASTM E 376-96 standard. The air pressure and the distance of the spray gun nozzle affect the gloss and thickness of the paint layer. Parameter 2 bar/15 cm yielded the highest gloss of 92.77 GU, while parameter 2.5 bar/10 cm resulted in the highest coating thickness of 0.26 mm.

The Effect of Heat Flux on the Frequency of Bubble Appearance in a Boiling Pool

2024-02-05T15:51:27+00:00

This research was conducted to determine the effect of heat flux on the frequency of bubbles appearing in boiling ponds. All fluid movement in pool boiling is caused by natural convection currents. The boiling pool consists of four areas of the pool boiling regime. The division of the four areas is based on the value of the heat flux and the difference between the surface temperature of the heater and the fluid. Using a two-phase heat transfer unit (H654 P.A. Hilton machine), The results showed that the power used greatly influences the boiling process, and besides that, the volume of water used also affects the duration of the boiling process. Based on tests using various power levels of 75 W, 110 W, 168 W, 237.5 W, and 290 W. The occurrence of bubbles will be faster and more numerous when using a lower volume of water and greater power. The heat transfer will be greater if a bubble appears, where latent heat plays a very important role. With mathematical analysis, an increase of 1 bubble per minute occurs for every increase in heat flux of 1.3 W/m².

Optimization of Heat Transfer Performance Using Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) for Nano-Coolant (Al2O3+EG/W) in Electric Vehicle Battery

2024-02-05T15:52:51+00:00

The presence of electric vehicles (EVs) must be supported by batteries that have good-quality energy storage. Battery power is critical to the development of electric cars. Temperature affects battery strength, so operating within the optimum temperature range must be ensured. During the charge and discharge processes, the electrochemical reaction generates hot energy, causing an increase in battery temperature. In this research, the solution to the problem is to make a cooling system with a mini channel cold plate and Al₂O₃1%vol+EG/W (50:50) nano coolant. Optimization of heat transfer enhancement using Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) and experimental tests with various flow rate variations. The research findings revealed that the RSM-CCD results and the outcomes of studies employing test equipment agreed that the highest cooling fluid flow rate was the most optimal condition, the highest T2 temperature drop of 17.63% occurred at a flow rate of 1.7 LPM, and the lowest T2 temperature was 13.13% at a flow rate of 1 LPM.

Geometry Characterization of Products Results in the Finishing Process Using Centerless Belt Grinding Machine

2024-02-05T15:54:45+00:00

The centerless belt grinding machine that was previously designed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Universitas Trisakti can be used for finishing machining products. However, it is not yet known how the machine will perform on the geometric characteristics of the product as a result of the finishing process with a centerless belt grinding machine. The geometric characteristics here are the results of measurements in cylindricality, roundness, and surface roughness. This research aims to determine the machine's performance and whether there are significant differences in the centerless belt grinding finishing process. Control chart analysis is used to determine the consistency of engine performance, and a comparison of the feed speed is used to determine engine performance. Next, data processing was carried out using the paired sample t-test statistical test to determine whether there were significant differences between the turning and milling processes. The consistency test results indicated good performance achieved at a maximum speed of 25.47 mm/minute (angle 12°) for cylindrical, roundness, and surface roughness measurements. The statistical test results of the paired t-test between the turning and grinding processes showed significant differences, as indicated by the P-value (0.00) < ∝ (0.05) on cylindricality, roundness, and surface roughness.

The Influence of Fuel Pump Pressure Variations on the Performance of 2-Stroke Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

2024-02-05T15:55:48+00:00

The direction of technological development in 2-stroke gasoline direct injection engines is to improve engine performance and reduce exhaust gas pollution, where the solution to achieve this is to use a high-pressure electric fuel pump that produces stable fuel pressure and is practical in its application. This research aims to determine the influence of variations in fuel pressure on the performance, especially torque and power, of a 2-stroke gasoline direct injection engine. Tests were carried out on a 110 cc 2-stroke gasoline direct injection motorcycle engine using Research Octane Number (RON) 90 fuel at varying fuel pressures of 7.5 Bar, 8 Bar, and 8.5 Bar on a chassis dynamometer to obtain engine performance data in the form of torque and power. The results of this research show that increasing fuel pressure will increase the atomization of fuel particles so that it will influence increasing the performance of this engine, where maximum torque and power of 6.20 Nm and 2.00 kW are achieved at 3250 rpm, at a pressure of 8.5 Bar.

Design of Wind Speed Measurement System in Wind Tunnel Based on Pitot Tube

2024-02-05T15:57:22+00:00

In the current era, the development of science in all aspects continues to change. The use of wind at this time is necessary for the efficiency of the energy used. The wind speed research method for this study utilizes experimental laboratory methods, specifically employing a Pitot tube measuring instrument to collect wind speed data. From the wind speed data obtained using a frequency of 25–50 Hz, there is only a slight difference between readings from a testometer with a pitot tube and only at frequencies of 39 Hz and 43 Hz, which have a visible difference. The graph indicates that the research was successful by comparing the readings on the testometer.

Study Characteristic Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) Type SP1848 27145 SA

2024-02-05T15:58:57+00:00

The TEG component, which operates on the Seebeck principle like a thermocouple, is widely used in the market, with TEG SP1848 27145 SA being one of the most common types. However, experiments must be conducted to determine its Seebeck coefficient, voltage, and power output when used with different heat and cold sources. This research aims to observe how the Seebeck coefficient, voltage, and power output of TEG SP1848 27145 SA change with variations in system temperature. To experiment, TEG SP1848 27145 SA is tested with a heater, and water flow rates are varied for cooling. Furthermore, the correlation between output voltage and ΔT has been determined through statistical analysis. The experiment results showed that the voltage output ranged from 0.54–1.03 V at a heater temperature of 86°C and an ΔT system value of 70.5-75°C. The Seebeck value was between 1,551.7-2,998.5 µV, and the power output was 43.5-67.7 mW. Additionally, the statistical analysis found a significant correlation between the temperature variable and output voltage variable, with an adjusted r square value of 89.2% for zero water flow rate and increasing to 95.8% for maximum water flow rate.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminum and Copper Sheet Welding Using Friction Stir Spot Welding Method

2024-02-05T16:00:36+00:00

Welding aluminum and copper materials using friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is widely practiced. Although strong enough, it still produces keyhole and shoulder marks, which are quite large due to the large shoulder and pin sizes. This study investigates the joining of aluminum and copper panels using the FSSW technique using smaller shoulders and pins in different shoulder shapes. The study began by cutting aluminum and copper panels 150 mm long, 50 mm wide, and 5 mm thick. The joining process was carried out at rotational speeds of 900, 1200, and 1500 rpm with tools with several variations in pin length. Pin lengths of 0, 5, and 7 mm with pin diameters made the same at 5 mm, shoulder diameter 20 mm. The connection was observed for macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness. Different tool geometries have the potential to be applied in FSSW joints, especially for sheets. The highest hardness value is found in Cu-Cu material welding, with an average hardness value of 101.63 HVN in the stir zone area. The lowest hardness value is located in the base metal of aluminum material, with an average hardness value of 48.37 HVN.

Comparative Analysis of a Rectifier Performance in Power Generation Applications

2024-02-05T16:01:52+00:00

Electrical energy's significance is critical to human life, as seen by the rising usage of this resource. Electricity-consuming machinery and technology are developing at an accelerating rate. A substantial electrical power supply is required to achieve these requirements. An effective method to address this issue is to use a generator set powered by an electric motor. This generator necessitates the use of a converter, which serves the purpose of transforming alternating waves (AC) into direct waves (DC), generally referred to as a rectifier. The rectifier's unsatisfactory performance necessitates the need for this research, which seeks to develop and construct a rectifier and subsequently compare its performance utilizing two distinct current sources. Rectifier performance is obtained through the utilization of direct computation and measuring methods. Two sources charge the battery: direct current from the motor and alternating current from the power grid. According to the test results, the converter using an electric power plant source had a higher current value. On the generator, the battery charges up to 13.4 volts in 55 minutes, which is 5 minutes quicker than on the PLN source.

Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Hardness of Jaw Implant Produced from EDM Die-Sinking Process

2024-02-05T16:03:50+00:00

Hardness is the main problem in making jaw implants using the die-sinking EDM process. Heat treatment can increase the hardness of jaw implants resulting from the EDM process. This research investigates the influence of temperature during the heat treatment process on the hardness of jaw implants produced from the EDM process. Heat treatment uses a quenching process. The quenching temperatures used were 940, 950, and 960 ºC, while the holding time was 30 minutes. The aging temperature is 550 ºC. The research results show that the greater the quenching temperature, the greater the increase in hardness. The hardness of the white layer reaches 713 VHN when using a temperature of 960 ºC. Meanwhile, the hardness of the inner jaw implant reaches 354 VHN.

Numerical Analysis of Gurney Flap Impact on NACA 4415 Airfoil Aerodynamics Performance

2024-02-05T16:05:05+00:00

Improving airfoil aerodynamic performance is an essential aspect of aerodynamic technology. The use of passive flow control is one way to enhance the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. The influence of using gurney flaps as passive flow control was explored through the CFD approach employing the RANS control equations with the k-epsilon turbulence model. The airfoil model utilized in this investigation was the NACA 4415 operating at a Reynolds number of 1×10⁶. This study explored three different variations of flap height, namely 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of chord length. The outcomes showed that adding gurney flaps showed quite positive results in increasing the lift and drag performance of NACA 4415. An airfoil with a 0.5%c height flap has an average percentage increase in Cl of 12%, followed by a height flap of 1%c, which is 23%, and a percentage C_l of 37% for a height flap of 2%c. Meanwhile, each variation in height flap affected the increase in C_d. A height flap of 0.5%c increased C_d with an average percentage of 2%, while a height flap of 1%c increased the percentage of Cd by 4% and 6% for a height flap of 2%c. Moreover, visualization of fluid flow with pressure and velocity contours given at AoA 12º to determine the effect on the increase in C_land C_d in NACA 4415.

Numerical Modelling of NACA 0015 Airfoil Under the Erosion Condition

2024-02-05T16:06:26+00:00

Airfoil that experiences erosion caused by flying debris that hit the airfoil can affect the performance of the airfoil. This research was studied to determine the effect of erosion with varying erosion length using numerical methods on the performance of the NACA 0015 airfoil. This research was simulated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) is implemented as the governing equation. The turbulence model used in this research is the k-epsilon model. The Reynolds number used is 1.5 x 10⁶. This research proves that the erosion effect can reduce the C_l value and increase the C_d value on the NACA 0015 airfoil. Increasing the erosion length on the airfoil can also affect the C_l value and C_d value, but this effect is insignificant. In the contour visualization, it can be seen that the airfoil that is experiencing erosion has a pressure contour that increases in the upper chamber and decreases in the lower chamber compared to the airfoil that does not experience erosion so that it can reduce the lifting force of the NACA 0015 airfoil. The flow velocity and streamline contours also show greater circulation in the erosion airfoil, which can accelerate the stall by 1^oAoA. Then, variations in increasing erosion length on the airfoil do not show any significant differences in pressure contours or circulating flow.

The Qualitative Stability and Thermal Properties Investigation of TiO2-EG/W Nanofluids Through Experimental Validation

2024-02-05T16:07:21+00:00

Over the past two decades, researchers have been extremely interested in developing TiO₂ nanofluids for heat exchanger applications. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of employing TiO₂ nanofluids, which were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) and distilled water as the base fluid, then called TiO₂-EG/W. The qualitative stability and thermal conductivity properties were measured through the experimental investigation. XRD and SEM analyses were also carried out to investigate the structures of TiO₂ nanoparticles used in terms of their crystalline and morphological structures. The results showed a positive impact of stability even for 15 days, and after that, the nanoparticles dropped to the sedimentation by about 58%. Then, the highest thermal conductivity at the temperature of 80 °C was increased by about 17.08% compared to the base fluid. Supported by the results of XRD and SEM analysis, respectively, highlight that TiO₂ nanoparticles have a rutile phase with an average crystallite size of 20.23 nm and are small spherical in morphology. This paper also provided the challenge and future perspective of TiO₂ nanofluid to appear as an innovation for the development of TiO₂ nanofluid in the further studies of heat exchanger applications.

Public Street Lighting Monitoring System Uses Telegram-Based Application Wireless Sensor Network

2024-02-05T16:09:38+00:00

Public Street Lighting (PJU) usually operates all night until early morning without a remote device to adjust the conditions. In monitoring the PJU lights, the officers are still carrying out their duties manually by visiting the place. This study aims to build a PJU monitoring system tool by utilizing the NodeMCU ESP32 as a microcontroller and a wifi module, which will later send notifications via the Telegram Bot. This system uses the ACS712 current sensor to detect the value of the current flowing in public street lighting installations, the VDC voltage sensor to detect the voltage value, and the LDR sensor to detect light. The read data will be processed by ESP32, which will then be sent to the Telegram Bot. The result of this study is a PJU monitoring tool. With this tool, officers can remotely monitor the PJU lights' condition. The Telegram bot will send notification messages to officers at 07.00 and 19.00. In addition, officers can ask about the state of the lights by instructing "cek pju" to the Telegram Bot. The system has been successfully implemented and operates normally and optimally, demonstrating its efficacy in practical testing

Soft System Methodology Approach: Case Study of Renewable Energy Development of Wood Pellets as an Implementation of a Circular Economy

2024-02-05T16:10:42+00:00

The development of wood pellets as a sustainable energy source derived from biomass waste has not significantly increased over the past few decades, despite a rise in demand for and sales of its products worldwide. Several variables contribute to the intricate issue of creating wood pellets from biomass waste as a renewable energy source, including the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including the government, financial institutions, academia, the manufacturing sector, and non-governmental organizations. This article uses a waste management model that employs the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach to assess the challenge of producing wood pellets from biomass waste as a renewable energy source and possible solutions. Data and information on the development of wood pellets as a renewable energy source derived from biomass waste were acquired through a literature review and in-depth interviews with specialists. The study’s findings demonstrate that using the SSM technique leads to a conceptual model that depicts the interactions between sub-elements to enhance the development of wood pellets as a biomass waste-derived renewable energy source. This concept was developed to lessen any adverse effects and enhance the processing of biomass waste. The success of goals is determined by the importance of each actor’s role and the collaboration of other actors, including local, national, and corporate governments. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry is the primary stakeholder and has a say in policy and program formulation. The Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mineral Resources, financial institutions, and other relevant organizations can help with this effort.

Natural Lighting Study of the Smith Alam Sutra Building, Tangerang City

2024-02-05T16:11:42+00:00

In architectural planning, natural lighting systems need to be considered. With the right program, natural light has an impact on occupant productivity and satisfaction. Controlling lighting use is necessary to manage the glare effect in the room, in addition to its advantages in terms of energy efficiency. The application of minimalist facade systems without additional shading elements is increasing in number, and the form is increasingly minimalist. Minimalist facade designs are not suitable for use in tropical countries with abundant sunlight. Apart from increasing the cost of electrical loads, sunlight penetrating buildings through transparent walls or glass also causes a glare effect in space. Therefore, it is necessary to study and implement the lighting system correctly to ensure a high-quality room atmosphere. The research method uses a mixed-methods approach, carried out using an explanatory sequential strategy. The analysis process begins with a qualitative research stage, followed by quantitative research. Research data was obtained from literature studies, observations, and interviews with planners, owners, and residents. The simulation results showed that the installation of shading (horizontal, vertical, and combined) on the west side, following the SNI no. 03-2396-2001 method to reduce glare, did not decrease the value of light exposure received by the building mass of the Smith building. Based on the activities conducted, measurements on units that are already operational, and which are still in standard condition have informed us that proper interior implementation contributes to decreasing light intensity values in office, SOHO, and apartment spaces