Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Dan Inovasi
Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Dan Inovasi is a national journal published by Research and Community Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pancasila. This journal publishes scientific research-based articles, case studies, review articles, engineering and innovations that cover both theoretical and practical as well as their development. The focus and scope of the ASIIMETRIK journal are Architecture, Civil Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Informatics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Dan Inovasi is published every 2 (two) times a year, in January & July, and registered with p-ISSN 2655-1861 (printed) and e-ISSN 2716-2923 (online). Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Dan Inovasi has been accredited to SINTA 3 since the edition of Volume 4 Number 2 of 2022 until Volume 9 Number 1 of 2027 based on the Decree of the Director General of Higher Education, Research and Technology Number: 225/E/KPT/2022 concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals Period III 2022 dated 7 December 2022.
Thermal Safety and Efficiency of a 24 Volt DC Motor Used as a Prime Mover for a Single-Phase Generator
Brushed DC motors are often used as low-cost prime movers in small generator sets. However, users rarely evaluate thermal safety together with efficiency when the set operates under repeated electrical loads. This study investigates a 24 V, 750 W brushed DC motor mechanically coupled to a 220 V, 50 Hz single-phase synchronous generator and a lamp-based resistive load bank. Three generator load levels were tested (1000 W, 1400 W, and 2600 W). Each test ran for 10 minutes to represent a short-time duty that is practical for repeated laboratory trials and long enough to reveal a clear temperature trend while maintaining safe operation. The DC terminal voltage (V), input current (A), and motor surface temperature (°C) were recorded every 2 minutes. Input power, temperature rise, estimated loss power, output power, and apparent efficiency were then computed at the 10-minute mark. The results show a monotonic temperature rise with load: after 10 minutes, the motor surface temperature reached about 36.0°C (1000 W), 39.3°C (1400 W), and 41.5°C (2600 W), corresponding to a 9–15 K rise above ambient. The apparent efficiency remained high at 94.3–96.3%. These findings support a simple and replicable approach to discussing the thermal safety and efficiency of small motor–generator sets in laboratory practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Dan Inovasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Conceptual Framework for Technology Integration in Residential Architecture
Modern residential housing planning faces substantial complexity, spanning regulatory compliance, diverse user preferences, and demands for resource efficiency and sustainability. These challenges are often magnified by insufficient coordination, resulting in inefficiencies and potential errors. Through a purposive literature review, this study addresses a critical gap in the literature regarding conceptual frameworks that integrate architecture and information systems, particularly during the residential planning phase. Information System (IS) integration has become essential, enabling holistic building data management, analysis, and design optimization. Although technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) are widely recognized for their potential, existing studies emphasize specific technologies or practical implementations, leaving a need for a more abstract and foundational integrative model. This study develops an innovative conceptual framework model depicting the essential synergy between architectural design principles and information systems capabilities to optimize the planning process. The proposed model positions information systems as the main enabler, supporting data management, analysis, and visualization through an Integrated System that combines BIM, DSS, and the Internet of Things (IoT), producing data-driven, collaborative, and optimized planning outputs. This framework provides a theoretical foundation for future interdisciplinary research in technology-driven residential planning.
Analysis of the Implementation of the Orya Hydroelectric Power Plant's Island Defense Scheme in the Jayapura Power System
This study aims to determine whether the islanding-based defense scheme at the Orya hydropower plant can effectively maintain the stability of the Jayapura radial power system during major disturbances. The system was modeled and tested in DIgSILENT PowerFactory under several outage scenarios, with a focus on the separation of the Orya–Sentani–Skyline corridor. The simulation indicates that maintaining post-disturbance operation within the nominal frequency of around 50 Hz and voltage variation of ±5% requires shedding 19.89 MW of load from selected feeders. After the scheme is activated, the islanded Orya subsystem settles at approximately 50.15 Hz, while the remaining grid stabilizes near 50.0 Hz—both within regulatory limits. These findings suggest that a combined load-shedding and islanding strategy can reduce the risk of cascading failures in Jayapura and may offer a practical template for other radial systems with limited redundancy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa & Inovasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Process Performance of the Arenga Sap Vacuum Evaporator using a Solar Panel as a Single Power Source
Traditional processing of Arenga sap still faces significant challenges, particularly long heating duration and high energy consumption. This study aims to evaluate the performance and energy efficiency of a solar-powered vacuum evaporator for the concentration of Arenga sap. The solar energy system consists of monocrystalline panels, an MPPT charge controller, a deep-cycle battery, and an inverter as the primary power source for the vacuum pump and induction heater, while thermal insulation is applied to minimize heat loss during evaporation. The performance test was conducted using 40 kg of fresh Arenga sap under a vacuum pressure of –0.71 to –0.73 bar and an operating temperature of 34–41°C for 150 minutes, resulting in 1.10 kg of evaporated mass. Based on the corrected and consistent dataset, the evaporation rate was calculated as 0.44 kg/hour, and the energy analysis using the latent heat of vaporization yielded an overall system efficiency of 83%. The novelty of this research lies in the implementation of a fully solar-powered low-pressure vacuum evaporator equipped with thermal insulation to enhance thermal stability. The findings indicate that this system can operate independently and offers a practical solution for small-scale Arenga sap producers, especially those located in remote or off-grid areas.
Effect of Oil Viscosity as a Quenching Medium on Hardness and Corrosion Rate of Mild Steel After Hardfacing
This study investigates the effect of oil viscosity as a quenching medium on the hardness and corrosion rate of mild steel after hardfacing. The specimens were quenched using oils of different viscosities (SAE 30, SAE 40, and SAE 50) after hardfacing treatment. Microstructural analysis using an Olympus BX51M optical microscope revealed that lower-viscosity oil produced a more dominant martensitic phase, while higher-viscosity oils resulted in greater formation of ferrite and pearlite due to slower cooling rates. The Vickers hardness test showed the highest hardness value of 460.44 VHN for SAE 30, decreasing to 415.18 VHN for SAE 50. Electrochemical testing indicated that the corrosion current density (Icorr) and corrosion rate increased with oil viscosity, from 95.2 µA/cm² and 1.114 mmpy (SAE 30) to 129.1 µA/cm² and 1.511 mmpy (SAE 50). The results demonstrate that lower-viscosity oils enhance martensitic transformation, improve hardness, and reduce corrosion rate, highlighting viscosity control as a key factor in optimizing post-hardfacing heat treatment performance.
The Effect of Quenching Methods Using Various Concentrations of Saltwater Solutions on the Hardness and Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel After the Hardfacing Process
This study analyzes the effect of different saltwater (NaCl) concentrations in the quenching medium on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion rate of low-carbon steel after the hardfacing process. Hardfacing was performed using a DF2A-450-R electrode, followed by rapid cooling in distilled water containing 3.5%, 7%, and 10.5% NaCl. Microstructure was observed using an Olympus BX51M optical microscope, hardness was tested by the Vickers method, and corrosion behavior was evaluated via electrochemical Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The results show that higher NaCl concentrations accelerate cooling and promote a more dominant martensitic structure. The 10.5% NaCl specimen achieved the highest hardness of 582.1 HV and exhibited a more positive corrosion potential with the lowest corrosion current. Therefore, the 10.5% NaCl quenching medium provides the optimal balance between hardness improvement and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for post-hardfacing heat treatment of low-carbon steel in demanding industrial applications.
Optimization of the Old Design of Double Axle Truck Tailgate Arm and Comparison of Loading Simulation of the New Double Axle Truck Tailgate Arm Design Using FEM (Altair Inspire)
This study optimizes and compares the structural performance of Type A and Type B tailgate frame arm designs for double commercial trucks to improve safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Analytical calculations and Finite Element Analysis using Altair Inspire were employed under a 650 kg operational load. Three materials ASTM A36, Aluminium 7075-T6, and Stainless Steel AISI 304 were evaluated in terms of stress, displacement, and safety factor. Results indicate that the Type B design reduces displacement by approximately 40% compared to Type A, while improving load distribution and structural stiffness. Aluminium 7075-T6 provides the best strength to weight ratio, whereas ASTM A36 remains the most cost-effective option. Only the Type B design complies with the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation clearance requirement (<200 mm). These findings demonstrate that Altair Inspire supports an effective optimization workflow for developing lighter, safer, and regulation compliant tailgate frame arm designs.
Solar Energy Integration for Liquid Palm Sugar Processing in Rural Home-Industry
This study explicitly aims to evaluate the technical performance and feasibility of a photovoltaic (PV)–battery system in supplying the energy requirements of a liquid palm sugar production machine for rural home-industry applications. Electricity instability in rural areas often disrupts production activities, and although previous studies have demonstrated the potential of solar energy, real-world evaluations for palm sugar processing remain limited. In this research, two 565 Wp solar modules integrated with a 2.2 kW inverter and a LiFePO₄ battery were experimentally tested under actual operating conditions. Real-time data of PV output, irradiance, load demand, and battery condition were recorded. The results show that the PV system consistently supplied 950–1050 W under clear skies and 600–800 W during cloudy conditions, while the battery maintained a stable state of charge (SoC) of 71–85%, ensuring uninterrupted operation. Daily PV energy generation (4.2–4.6 kWh) exceeded load consumption (3.2–3.6 kWh), confirming a positive energy balance. Overall, the system demonstrated stable and reliable performance, indicating that PV–battery integration is feasible for rural MSME-scale liquid palm sugar production.
Numerical Investigation on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Nose Airfoil NACA 4415
It is widely believed that bionic airfoils can influence aerodynamic performance. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the effect of a bio-inspired nose on the NACA 4415 airfoil. This study uses roughtoothed dolphins and spinner dolphins as modifications of the airfoil, which are then tested at Re = 1.6×105 using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). From the simulation results, it was shown that the baseline NACA 4415 has the best aerodynamic performance across all Angles of Attack (AoA). The average percentage increase in Cd for the spinner dolphin is lower, at 40.399% compared to the baseline. On the other hand, the roughtoothed dolphin shows a higher percentage increase in Cd with an average of 51.479% compared to the baseline. While in the Cl data, the rough-toothed dolphin has a larger average percentage decrease, at -10.472%, whereas the spinner dolphin achieves an average decrease of only -5.194% compared to the baseline. Therefore, it can be concluded that the rough-toothed and spinner dolphin modifications do not enhance the aerodynamic performance of the NACA 4415 airfoil at AoA. However, at low AoA, the roughtoothed dolphin modification performs comparably to the baseline NACA 4415 airfoil.
Is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Project Financially Feasible? A Case Study from Emerging Economies
Transit-Oriented Development is a crucial strategy for addressing urban sprawl and improving mobility, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like Indonesia. Transit-Oriented Development integrates high-density, mixed-use developments with public transportation infrastructure, offering sustainable urban growth solutions. However, despite its benefits, the financial feasibility of Transit-Oriented Development in emerging economies remains under-explored. This study assesses the financial viability of a Transit-Oriented Development project in Tangerang, Greater Jakarta, focusing on key financial indicators such as Capital Expenditure, Operational Expenditure, Internal Rate of Return, and Net Present Value. The study uses financial modeling, analyzing data from the project's feasibility reports and investment summaries. The results show positive Internal Rate of Return, and Net Present Value, indicating financial viability under base case assumptions. However, the analysis reveals sensitivity to changes in Capital Expenditure and revenue assumptions, with increased Capital Expenditure reducing profitability and extending the payback period. This research fills the gap in Transit-Oriented Development financial feasibility studies in developing economies, providing valuable insights for similar projects in Southeast Asia and beyond. The findings underscore the importance of effective financial planning and risk management in ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of Transit-Oriented Development projects, highlighting the need for strong public-private partnerships to mitigate financial risks.
Finite Element Analysis of Impact-Velocity Effects on the Erosion Behavior of GH4720Li Superalloy-Based Cr₃C₂ Coatings
This study examines the effect of impact velocity on the erosion behavior of GH4720Li superalloy with and without Cr₃C₂–NiCr coating using Finite Element Analysis. Silica particles (0.7 mm) were modeled at velocities of 25–125 m/s under normal impact. Results show that increasing velocity raises the maximum Von Mises stress before reaching a dynamic equilibrium. Coated specimens exhibited nearly twice the stress values of uncoated ones, indicating better load distribution and initial damage resistance. At low velocities (25–50 m/s), the coating reduced plastic deformation by absorbing impact energy. However, at higher velocities (≥75 m/s), the coating transferred more energy to the substrate, causing greater plastic strain than in uncoated material. These findings demonstrate that cermet coatings improve erosion resistance at low-to-moderate velocities but have limited performance under high-velocity impacts
Thermal Performance Analysis and Optimization of The Primary Heat Exchanger of The Airbus A320
The Environmental Control System of the Airbus A320 utilizes a Primary Heat Exchanger to cool bleed air before to its entry into the Air Cycle Machine. Despite the significance of this component for optimal system functionality, research integrating operational data, thermodynamic modeling, and heat transfer studies to enhance its performance in commercial aviation remains sparse. This study investigates the thermal performance of the primary heat exchanger and develops a prediction model based on data gathered from an Airbus A320-214 during routine maintenance operations. The study encompassed 15 unique test situations, differing in bleed air temperature, pressure, and mass flow ratios. The results indicate that the heat exchanger attains a thermal effectiveness of 0.68 to 0.74, with an average heat transfer rate of 48.2 to 62.3 kJ/s, and temperature reductions of 45.2 to 52.8°C. The prediction model utilizing the ε-NTU approach exhibited significant accuracy. Subsequent investigation indicated that the mass flow ratio significantly influences thermal efficacy. Particle Swarm Optimization enhanced the efficacy by as much as 8.5%. The results provide practical criteria for predictive maintenance, facilitating effective Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul choices in commercial aircraft operations.
Micro-Progressive Punching (µPP): A New Method for Manufacturing Micro-Plate Implant
Manufacturing of micro-plate implants using die-sinking EDM requires a processing time of about 5 hours, and there is a decrease in hardness below the raw material. To speed up the manufacturing time and prevent a decrease in material hardness, a new method is needed to manufacture micro-plate implants. This study introduces the micro-progressive punching (µPP) method to manufacture micro-plate implants. In addition, the quality of micro-plate implants such as the shape of the cutting surface and hardness produced using the µPP method were also investigated. The investigation results show that the µPP successfully made micro-plate implants with a processing time of about 10 minutes. The shape of the cutting surface has an average relatively short burr height of about 24 µm. The Hardness of the resulting micro-plate implants increased near the cutting surface with an average of about 10% of the raw material. These findings show that µPP can be employed as a substitute method for producing micro-plate implants.
Optimizing Performance of a 4 kW BLDC Motor in Go-Kart Through Load and Speed Testing
The development of electric go-karts involves overcoming challenges related to efficiency across different driving conditions. A key issue is the reduction in efficiency caused by changes in speed and the driver’s weight, both of which impact the motor’s power demands. This study focuses on examining how variations in driver weight (55 kg, 65 kg, and 75 kg) and speed (40 km/h, 50 km/h, and 60 km/h) affect the efficiency of a 4 kW BLDC motor in an electric go-kart. The research employed a quantitative experimental approach, conducting field tests on a 300-meter flat track. Key data, including voltage, current, and torque, were measured to calculate the motor’s input and output power, with efficiency determined by the power ratio formula. Analysis using a Two-Way ANOVA test revealed that both driver weight and speed, as well as their interaction, had a significant effect on efficiency (p<0.001). The highest efficiency recorded was 95.45% at 55 kg and 40 km/h, while the lowest was 62.49% at 75 kg and 60 km/h. These findings align with previous research, confirming that increased load and speed decrease efficiency. Such insights can guide strategies to optimize electric vehicle performance.
Cover and Preface Vol. 7 No. 2, July 2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa & Inovasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of a Platform Supply Vessel: Design, Resistance Assessment, and Prototype Fabrication for Offshore Operations in Natuna, Indonesia
Maritime transportation serves as a vital component of inter-island connectivity in Indonesia, particularly in supporting offshore oil and gas exploration activities. This study focuses on addressing the rarity of Platform Supply Vessel in the Natuna Islands, which are needed to support offshore operations to optimize the exploration of Natuna's abundant natural resources. The design process begins with the determination of the vessel’s principal dimensions, derived from benchmark vessel data and dimensional ratio analysis. The hull form is subsequently developed into a 3D model to produce a lines plan. Resistance analysis is conducted based on the Holtrop method, encompassing components such as frictional resistance, wave-making resistance, transom drag, and air resistance. A scaled physical model is also constructed using a non-molded hull fabrication technique to validate the design. The findings indicate that the proposed hull design satisfies the specified performance criteria and demonstrates favorable resistance characteristics. This research answers the rarity of studies on Platform Supply Vessel specifically for Natuna by contributing a comprehensive study focusing on design, fabrication, and cost analysis.
Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine on Biodiesel Fuel Temperature Variation
The use of biodiesel or bio solar fuel continues to grow in line with the increasing awareness of renewable energy and environmental concerns. However, the relatively high viscosity of bio solar fuel can affect the performance of diesel engines. This study aims to analyze the effects of fuel temperature variation using a heater on the performance of diesel engines. The research method employed was experimental testing on a single cylinder Jiangdong 170F diesel engine with fuel heating set at temperatures 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, and 70oC. The parameters analyzed include power, torque, fuel flow rate, thermal efficiency, and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. The test results show that at a temperature of 50oC, the engine produced the highest power and torque at a rotational speed of 2600 rpm with a torque of 6.2 Nm and power output of 1.68 kW. At temperatures of 70oC the highest thermal efficiency was observed along with reductions in fuel consumption and BSFC at the same engine speed, yielding a thermal efficiency of 34.04%, a fuel consumption rate of 1.128×10-5 kg/s and a BSFC of 6.912×10-5 g/kWh. These results suggest that a temperature of 50oC is recommended for achieving high power and torque at high speeds, while temperature 70oC is recommended for attaining high thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption at high engine speeds.
Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with 2EHN Cetane Number Enhancer on Biodiesel
Diesel engines remain a critical technology across multiple sectors, including transportation, industry, marine, and agriculture, due to their well-known benefits such as high fuel efficiency, robust durability, and superior torque output. Even as electric vehicle technology rapidly advances, diesel engines continue to be utilized in demanding applications that require reliable, high-power performance under harsh conditions. This enduring relevance stems from their higher thermal efficiency and remarkable ability to function in extreme environments. However, diesel fuel differs from petrol in its combustion characteristics, notably having a lower combustion rate. This rate is measured by the cetane number, with higher cetane values indicating better combustion quality. To optimize engine performance, especially when using lower-cetane diesel fuel, additives are often used to increase the cetane number. This study explores the effects of combining 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, a cetane number enhancer, with Pertamina’s biodiesel product, bio solar. Using a single-cylinder diesel engine and a prony brake for testing, the study found that a 1:100 ratio of CNE to fuel delivered the best results among all mixtures. This blend achieved the highest thermal efficiency at 30.23% and recorded the lowest brake specific fuel consumption at 7.78265E-05 kg/kWh.
Analysis of Sand Grain Characteristics and Permeability Using Hazen Formula and Laboratory Test
Permeability is a critical parameter in geotechnical and hydrological studies, representing a soil's capacity to transmit water through its pore spaces. The Hazen formula, an empirical method based on the D10 value from sieve analysis, is widely used to estimate the permeability coefficient. However, its accuracy is strongly influenced by grain shape and size distribution, which vary significantly across different geological settings such as volcanic, fluvial, and coastal environments. This study evaluates the applicability of the Hazen formula for sands derived from these three environments. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, combining visual morphological analysis using sand grain imagery, particle size distribution tests, permeability estimation via the Hazen formula, and validation through constant head laboratory tests. Nine sand samples were analyzed: four from mountainous regions, two from rivers, and three from coastal areas. The findings reveal that sands with angular grains and wide gradation ranges exhibit considerable discrepancies between estimated and measured permeability values. Conversely, sands with rounded and well-sorted grains produce more consistent results. These outcomes suggest that the Hazen formula remains reliable for clean, uniformly graded sands with rounded to sub-rounded particles. This study highlights the need to consider grain morphology when applying empirical permeability estimation methods.
Stochastic LQI with Markov Chain for Decreasing The Effect of Random Delay in Networked Control System
A Networked Control System (NCS) is a control system in which actuation and feedback signals are transmitted over a communication network. One of the key challenges in NCS is the presence of random delays introduced by the communication protocol. This study proposes an adaptive approach for tuning the integral gain (​Kint) of the Linear Quadratic Integral (LQI) controller, based on both the current delay state and a predicted delay obtained via a Markov chain model, which has not been explored extensively. The proposed method first maps each delay interval to a corresponding Kint, establishing a delay–gain pair. Then, the integral gain is dynamically updated at each control cycle by combining the current (Kint_t) and the predicted Kint for the next time step (Kint_t+1), using weighted coefficients a and b, respectively, as follows: Kint = a* Kint_t + b* Kint_t+1. Experimental validation demonstrates that, with optimal weights a=0.5 and b=0.5, the proposed method significantly improves system performance. Compared to a fixed (static) Kint​, it reduces the percentage overshoot from 17.06% to 2.45% and decreases the settling time from 457.6 seconds to 254.06 seconds.
Different Quenching Media Effect on Microstructure, Hardness,and Corrosion of Medium Carbon Steel
Medium carbon steel is widely used due to could conduct heat treatment to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties. Quenching is one method to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties. In the present study conducted heating samples at 850°C using an electric furnace, then held them for 60 minutes and quenched in various media (saline water, oil, and distilled water). Afterward, the quenched sample was investigatedmicrostructure, hardness, and corrosion using an optical microscope, Vickers hardness tester, and weight loss method. 5% NaCl quenching media could result in samples more uniform and martensite due to the high cooling rate.More uniforms and martensite have the beneficial highest hardness and lowest corrosion rate for around 762.4 HV and 76.04 mpy.
Performance Analysis of Time Capacity and Coulomb Methods for SoC Estimation in VRLA Batteries
The climate crisis and limited energy availability in remote areas encourage the use of VRLA battery-based off-grid solar energy systems, where accurate state-of-charge (SoC) evaluation is essential for system efficiency. At middle SoC ranges, the VRLA voltage curve's flatness makes voltage-based methods less effective. This research investigates the efficacy of two practical methods, Time Capacity and Coulomb Counting, in estimating the SoC of 12V 10Ah VRLA batteries at varying discharge rates (C20 to C1) using a system that incorporates Arduino Uno and ACS712 sensors. The experimental findings show that Time Capacity is the best strategy, with an inaccuracy of 0-12%. Due to sensor error and temperature sensitivity, Coulomb Counting's error is 30-38.4%. Heatmap imaging proved Time Capacity's stability across all C-rates, making it suitable for remote monitoring. These findings lay the groundwork for reliable and cost-effective renewable energy systems and encourage further research on hybrid algorithms and environmental optimisation.
Chemical Grinding Aids as Chemical Agents to Enhance the Efficiency of Clinker Grinding in Cement Plants
Chemical Grinding Aids, hereinafter referred to as Grinding Aids, are chemical additives used to optimize the grinding process of clinker and other supplementary materials into cement powder. In practice, these Grinding Aids enhance the efficiency of the grinding process, thereby increasing the capacity of the grinding equipment. As a result of this increased capacity, the electrical energy consumption per ton of cement produced is reduced, leading to a proportional decrease in production costs per ton. In addition to improving productivity, the use of Grinding Aids also contributes to better cement quality. Experimental data presented in this article show that the application of Grinding Aids has a positive impact, increasing production by up to 17% with an optimal dose of 350 ppm when using concentrated Grinding Aids without dilution. Meanwhile, the optimal dose for a Grinding Aid solution diluted in water at a ratio of 1:4 (grinding aids:water) is 300 ppm. This improvement in productivity also leads to a 5% reduction in electricity consumption during the cement grinding process.
Revitalizing Sodetan Sekretaris River as a View for Centro City Residence and Its Surroundings
Many apartments offer various advantages, one of which is the view. However, not the case with Centro City Residence apartment located on Jalan DaanMogot. Problems arise in the room units facing Kali Sodetan Sekretaris due to the poor ventilation and unpleasant views. Rather than providing fresh air, the window allows unpleasant odors from the river to enter the rooms. Moreover, the view consists of a heavily polluted river, filled with garbage and dark, murky water. This research, conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, aims to explore the role of architectural design in proposing alternative solutions that benefit both the residents of Centro City Residence and the surrounding. Some solutions that can be done are to revive Sodetan Sekretaris river as a tourist spot for the surrounding. By making it a tourist spot and is expected to be free from garbage. This includes transforming the riverfront into a clean, inviting space with pedestrian walkways, seating areas, photo spots, and street lighting to attract local visitors and encourage community engagement.
Design of a Seaweed Draining and Drying Machine Using Hybrid Energy
Seaweed is a plant that is adaptable and is used in a variety of industries, such as food, cosmetics, and medication. However, the current seaweed processing technique, which entails sun drying, is still highly traditional and requires a significant amount of time. To speed up draining and drying seaweed, we developed a hybrid energy-powered seaweed draining and drying. The tool capacity of this design is 50 kg, and it applies the Pahl and Beitz method. The selected design is variant 3 with the highest weight value of 7.74. The design outcomes produce the following tool specifications the drive is equipped with a diesel motor with a power of 3.5 Hp, 2.6 kW, and 3600 rpm, as well as three solar panels of the MCS1100 model, each with a capacity of 100 Wp. The container dimensions of 382 mm diameter and 500 mm height. The seaweed is to be dried at a rate of 29,3 kg/m2 per hour. The galvanized steel frame yielded a maximum working stress value of 126.223 N/mm2, which is lower than the material's yield strength value of 203.943 N/mm2. On the shaft made of S45C8 steel, the maximum working stress value after applying the load is 66.83 N/mm2, which is also less than the material's yield strength value of 350 N/mm2. This indicates that the stand and shaft design is safe, as the simulation process's maximum stress value does not surpass the material's yield strength value.
Analysis Study of Overcurrent Relay in the Underground Distribution Network System in the Business Area of Manado City
Currently, the distribution network installed in the business area of Manado City still uses medium-voltage overhead lines (SUTM), while an underground cable system (SKTM) has been planned for implementation. To ensure the reliability of the planned underground distribution network, the selection of protection devices is crucial. In addition, there is still a lack of OCR analysis for underground distribution system protection in Manado City. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the settings for the overcurrent relay (OCR) on the underground cable conductors on the low voltage side. The data needed for this study was obtained through direct field surveys and interviews with relevant parties to gather additional information regarding the standards for underground cable construction. Considering the potential increase in load in the future, the calculation of the OCR protective settings was performed by calculating the cross-sectional area of the medium voltage conductors and the current-carrying capacity of the low voltage conductors. As a result, the setting value for the OCR was determined to be 5 Amperes with a Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) of 0.004.
Enhancing Post-Pandemic Customer Experience: Building a Customer Journey Map for Shopping Malls
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the retail industry, particularly shopping malls, which have experienced a 30% to 40% decline in customer footfall in the first quarter of 2021 compared to previous years. Despite the growing body of research on retail recovery, there remains a gap in understanding specific customer sentiments and experiences within mall environments during this period. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing customer feedback extracted from Google reviews to identify key attributes influencing the shopping experience. The research employs text-mining techniques to convert unstructured data into structured formats, eliminating irrelevant words and concepts. Following data cleaning, the Naïve Bayes Classifier method is utilized to analyze the sentiments, achieving an accuracy of around 92.86%. The findings will be visualized through word clouds and bar charts to highlight the top ten positive and negative sentiments expressed by customers. Ultimately, this research contributes to enhancing the customer experience at shopping malls by collaborating with relevant stakeholders to create a comprehensive Customer Journey Map based on the analyzed data. This map will serve as a strategic tool for mall management to implement targeted improvements and foster a more engaging shopping environment.
Design of 600 Wp Stand-alone Solar Tree Systemfor Public Charging Station
Indonesia has significant potential for solar energy utilization with a capacity of 313 MW. The solar tree system is an innovative alternative energy solution that combines functionality and aesthetics by utilizing limited space at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani as an electric charging station. The research methods include meteorological data, load calculations by operational time variations, component capacity analysis such as photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, inverters, and 3D modelling of the stand-alone Solar tree system. This paper discusses the analysis results for the most optimal operational time of 3 hours with a PV panel power requirement of 599.6 Wp, using 6 PV panels each rated at 100 Wp. The system is designed to supply daytime loads, including charging an electric bicycle 576 W and a laptop 65 W for three hours. At night, the battery supplies power for laptop charging and lighting with a total power of 317.5 Wh for twelve and a half hours. To ensure a two-day autonomy, a battery capacity of 12 V 80 Ah and a 1000 W inverter are considered in the design. The 3D solar tree system model is designed with a pole height of 4000 mm and a circular arrangement of 6 PV panels with a diameter of 4068 mm, equipped with table and chair facilities at several proposed locations, ensuring the Solar tree system design meets the desired capacity based on the selected scenario.
Electrical Performance Test Design for Speed Sensor Torque Flow, Rear Brake, and Solenoid ECMV Power Train HD785-7 at PT XYZ
PT XYZ's Component Exchange (COMEX) Department has 8 Quality Assurance Processes, one of which is performance test (QA6). The performance test is conducted to evaluate the condition of overhauled components. From January to February 2024, the COMEX Department experienced issues with electrical components in the Power Train area, specifically the Electronic Control Modulating Valve (ECMV) solenoid, torque flow speed sensor, and rear brake speed sensor. Currently, the functional inspection tool for the solenoid only uses an Arduino as a power supply and an impact wrench as a substitute for the gear shaft to inspect the torque flow speed sensor and rear brake speed sensor. The results from these inspections are inaccurate, leading to rework on the transmission components and the brake final drive of the HD785-7. The 8-step method was used to address these issues. This method includes Determining Themes, Current Condition Analysis, Target Setting, Root Cause Analysis, Improvement Plan, Improvement Implementation, Result Evaluation, Standardization and Improvement Plan. Improvements included creating an electrical performance test tool, developing work instructions for using the tool, and establishing a reusable parts standard. The tool successfully reduced the rework of electrical parts, achieving a 100% reduction in rework from January-February 2024 to April-June 2024.
Evaluating the Role of Personality in Task Performance Across Varying Mental Workload Levels
Variations in task performance under different cognitive demands are often interpreted as indicating mental workload. Prior research has identified a link between personality and task performance. This study investigates whether personality traits influence performance under varying levels of mental workload in working memory tasks. Personality traits were assessed using the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Participants completed n-back tasks at three levels of difficulty to induce different levels of mental workload. The findings reveal significant differences in response times between extroverts and introverts across all task difficulties (p < 0.05), with introverts responding more quickly. A significant difference between neurotic and stable individuals emerged only at the medium difficulty level (p < 0.05), with stable individuals performing faster. Additionally, response times varied significantly across personality quadrants, with introvert-neurotic individuals showing faster responses at both low and high difficulty levels.