Jurnal Asiimetrik: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa & Inovasi

Cover and Preface Vol. 6 No. 2, July 2024

Editor — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Experimental and Numerical Testing of Jaw Gripper Design Using The Mass Reduction Method of Onyx-Carbon Fiber Material at PT. Matahari Megah

Yudha Santoso, Agus Halim, Didi Widya Utama, Kevin Raynaldo — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A robot arm is a robot component in the motion subsystem of a robot system to determine the position and orient the object so that the robot can perform certain tasks, such as picking and placing an object. To use it as a pick and place, a gripper shaped like a human finger, commonly called a jaw gripper, is required, which is used to hold, tighten, hold, and release an object. The shape of the jaw gripper is designed and made according to the shape of the workpiece to be grasped, which was created by PT Matahari Megah using the 3D-printing method for its customer. The jaw gripper that has been designed still needs to be developed to produce a more optimal jaw gripper design, such as by reducing the use of excessive filament without reducing quality and minimizing costs incurred. Therefore, a more optimized jaw gripper test tool was made with a material reduction method using the generative design process in Inventor software, and physical testing was carried out on the ability to grip and deflection, compared to the testing process using a test system that had been designed with a dial gauge measuring instrument. The results of the comparison between the Inventor software results and the simulation results do not exceed 10%, with the difference at a pressure of 2 bars of 7% and the difference at a pressure of 4.6/5 bars of 1.87%.

Design of Rejection Subsystem for Abnormal Workpiece Condition Modular Production System at Distribution Station

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the industrial era 4.0, the automation system technology used is growing rapidly. Automation systems in the industry are very useful, especially in reducing production time. One of the tools that can be used to simulate production in an industry is the Modular Production System (MPS). MPS itself consists of several stations to simulate the production process on a small scale. In a production system, of course, a system is needed that can detect abnormal workpiece conditions. This system will be driven by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). This system will be placed at the distribution station. The rejection system in MPS is needed because, in MPS there is still a manual process, namely in the process of inserting workpieces into the stack magazine. with this manual process, it is likely that workpieces with abnormal conditions will be processed by MPS. This condition is unlikely to be processed further to the pick and place station. Therefore, objects with abnormal conditions must be separated by this rejection system. There are 2 methods used to conduct this research, namely using the 5/3 valve and the positive stop method. Data collection from both methods is done by experiment. From the experimental results of the two methods, it can be seen that the best method used for this system is the positive stop method. This method is the most appropriate method because it can produce a very accurate swivel arm stop position. From the data obtained, using the 5/3 valve method with a pressure of 4 bar the swivel arm stop position ranges from 22.4 cm to reach more than 25.8 cm, and at a pressure of 5 bar the swivel arm height ranges from 25.8 cm to more. By using the positive stop method the swivel arm stops exactly at the specified swivel arm height because the swivel arm is held by the pneumatic cylinder.

Flow Investigation Inside the Vacuum Gripper for Labeling Application with Dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm Using the CFD Method

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, the application of automation in the manufacturing sector is important to increase production efficiency. One of the variations in industrial automation is the vacuum gripper. Vacuum grippers are specifically designed to handle specific workpieces, such as labeling application. Label characteristics that easily bend and stick to the workpiece when peeled off require a specific gripper. This research was carried out using 2 methods, experimental method and CFD simulation method. The experimental method was carried out by collecting pressure data with Arduino. Data from this experiment will be used for the CFD simulation. Based on these experimental tests, the average vacuum pressure obtained was -44.372 kPa. From the simulation vacuum pressure on the 12 inlet holes was obtained. The largest vacuum pressure was at inlet 12 with a vacuum pressure value of -44372.11 Pa, while the smallest was at inlet hole 1 with a value of -44371.86 Pa. The pressure distribution is evenly distributed at all the suction point and has suited the design requirements.

Evaluating Wind Deflector Effect on Cargo Vans Aerodynamic Drag Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Suboptimal design and body shape in freight transport vehicles can lead to increased aerodynamic drag. To address this issue, the use of wind deflectors is proposed as a solution to reduce aerodynamic resistance in cargo vans. The methodology employed in this research involves Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using the Ansys Fluent R2 2023 software. CFD simulations were conducted on the design of a cargo box vehicle with variations in Wind Deflector Models 1, 2, and 3, employing identical boundary condition parameters. The results of the CFD simulation for Wind Deflector Model 3 exhibited the lowest drag force at 1.1531116 Newton and a drag coefficient of 0.37031338. In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of the CFD simulation results provides valuable insights into the intricate aerodynamic implications of Wind Deflector variations on cargo vans. Therefore, it is concluded that Wind Deflector Model 3 emerges as the optimal choice, showcasing superior aerodynamic characteristics.

Design and Optimizing Top Cover Feeding Unit Modular Production System and Pick & Place Station

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Modular Production System is a station unit consisting of industrial components in the form of pneumatic and electrical components controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller which is directed for industry-oriented vocational training. In a Modular Production System, there are several types of stations, one of which is the pick and place station which consists of two modules, namely the pick and place module and the conveyor module. This design discusses the optimization of the design of the top cover feeding unit at the pick and place station because the top cover is dislocated every time there is a change in position when the vacuum sucks the top cover. This design optimization is done by redesigning the feeding unit slider. By doing this optimization, it can make the feeding unit accommodate the top cover where it should be and improve the process capability of the system. The results of this optimization are determined based on the process capability values, before optimization the resulting values were 1.0417 for Capabiity Process and 0.77 for the index. Then after design optimization, the values are 3.402 for Capabilty Process and 6.396 for the index and produce a total force of 0.205 N by using a slider feeding unit tilt angle of 14^o. This tilt angle was determined as the most optimal angle because it resulted in the least system failure.

Characteristics of Multi-tier Hybrid Dryer for Drying Corn Grains

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The type of drying device known as a hybrid dryer is a tool that harnesses solar energy and the heat generated by a biomass fuel-powered heat exchanger. This study was conducted to assess the performance of the hybrid dryer by analyzing the parameters of the device itself and the dried material. The research was carried out experimentally using a solar collector and a biomass furnace (as a heat exchanger) to heat the air. The solar collector used consists of 0.35 mm thick, black-painted zinc, coated with 5 mm thick glass, and installed at a 20-degree angle. The heat exchanger pipe used has a diameter of 1.25 inches and is made of galvanized pipe. The tested sample is corn seeds with an initial moisture content of about 24.6%. The experimental results show that in the drying process using a solar dryer, the initial moisture content of 24.8% was successfully reduced to 14% at 5.50 h (rack 1), 6.50 h (rack 2) and 7.00 h (rack 3) with a thermal efficiency of 24.25%. Meanwhile, in the hybrid drying process, the required time is approximately 5.00 h (rack 1), 5.50 h (rack 2) and 6.00 h (rack 3), with a efficiency of the drying equipment used is 21.048±5.690% (hybrid) and 22.706±6.437% (solar).

Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE) for Evaluating TIG-welding Parameter Variations on Tensile-shear Load and Hardness Using Stainless Steel 304 Material

Siswanto, Sukarman, Dodi Muyladi, Amir, Amri Abdulah, Ean Deka Putra — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article delves into the intricacies of optimizing the TIG welding process using stainless steel 304 (SUS 304) material, with particular emphasis on small-scale industries that are heavily reliant on TIG welding, especially in the production of household equipment and fences. The objective of this research is to enhance the tensile shear load (T's load) through the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE), which takes into account welding current, gas flow rate, and electrode diameter as primary parameters. This study evaluates T's load and hardness across the welding zone, which includes the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. The study was conducted using a Stahlweld inverter welding machine operating at 220 V/50 Hz, and a maximum T's load of 1545.1 kgf was achieved in the fourth iteration. The optimization of T's load was carried out using SN ratio analysis and involved setting the welding current to level II, gas flow rate to level I, and electrode diameter to level II following the Taguchi DoE design. The hardness peaks in the weld area decreased in the HAZ and reached their lowest point in the base metal. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing TIG welding parameters for thin stainless steel 304 materials, which supports Sustainable Development Goal 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure).

The Development of Conceptual Design of Nurse assistance Robot’s Exterior with Ergonomic Approach

Tubagus Ahmad Dwinandana, Tota Pirdo Kasih, Muhammad Nurul Puji — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nurses are human resources who have an important role in medical installations, especially hospitals. Nurses have various tasks such as assisting doctors in examining, treating and serving patients, and other tasks such as administration. With these various tasks, physical and mental fatigue often occurs in nurses. To reduce the workload, robots have been used in hospitals around the world, especially in hospitals in Indonesia. This research aims to produce an initial concept for the exterior design of a nursing assistant robot using an ergonomics approach. The research methodology uses product design and development framework, especially in conceptual design process which start from customer needs identification to design iteration. From the research it can be concluded that determining robot dimensions is based on anthropometric standards, user posture, hardware size, and so on. The main consideration in determining the size of the robot is the reach of the hand to pick up and store items, the range of the eye to see the interactive display screen.

New Approach on Planning for Water Provision using Water Balance (Case Study: Sewakaderma Municipal Waterworks, Denpasar)

Herawati Zetha Rahman — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of urban populations has led to an increase in water demand. Moreover, Public Water Supply Companies need to deal with water loss. This issue is primarily caused by aging water networks and poor infrastructure due to a lack of maintenance, which makes the piping system susceptible to damage and leakage. In Denpasar City, the pipeline network, which spans over 94,753 meters, is more than 40 years old. Given the current circumstances, in 2023 the amount of unaccounted water loss due to leakage reach 38%. This high percentage of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) has several negative consequences, including a decrease in the quality of distributed water, a reduction in PDAM profits, and limitations on the city government's ability to expand and achieve 100% coverage. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential demand and supply of PDAM Denpasar City. Using Quantitative and qualitative approach, with minimum water demand of 129.46 liters per person per day (lpd). The Water Supply Simulation of Denpasar City reveals that to achieve optimal conditions, PDAM Denpasar City must reduce NRW from 38% to 19.5% by 2044. This can be accomplished through various measures, including the replacement of the Primary Distribution Network along 116.95 kilometers, replacement of 51.03 kilometers Secondary Distribution Network, the installation of 78 District Metered Areas (DMAs), and an increase in the number of customers by at least 20,750 households (representing a 22% increase from 2023).

Analysis of the Children’s Playground with Blue Open Space Concept in Bajau Ethnic Settlement Rampa Lama Kotabaru

Leonard, Samsu Hendra Siwi, Titin Fatimah — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Rampa Lama Village settlement is a settlement located in a coastal area at the ebb and flow of sea water. This settlement is in the province of South Kalimantan and is located to the north of Kotabaru Regency. The population of Rampa Lama Village is 6,000 people with children aged 6-12 years old who received elementary school education totaled 364 children consisting of 181 boys and 183 girls. This has become a phenomenon regarding the limited children's playground space and its facilities that are safe, comfortable and have safety aspects for the users, in this case children when children play, the Rampa Lama Village settlement is a densely populated area with Public Open Space that can be used as a playground for children in the surrounding area. Public open space for the childrens Rampa Lama need open space blue concept because they are representing fisherman community. The purpose of this research is to analysis public open space for children in coastal areas by implementing a blue concept open space according to the child's character. A study uses a qualitative inductive method with a phenomenological approach. The results of the research were in the form of recommendations for the coastal area of Rampa Lama Village with the existing ethnic character of the Bajau tribe with observations that have been made where the character of the children's play space in the area is Blue Open playground and its application to Child Friendly Playground.

Analysis of Vibration Characteristics in 17-Inch Aluminum Alloy Wheel Rims Using Finite Element Method

Victor Indra Wijaya, Riyan Ariyansah, Delvis Agusman, Rifky, Oktarina Heriyani — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The wheel rim serves as a component designed to provide stability and necessary support for vehicle tires. The phenomenon of resonance occurring when the external vibration frequency approaches the natural frequency of the structure has the potential to increase vibration amplitude, which can lead to wheel rim damage. This study aims to investigate the shape patterns and natural frequencies of 17-inch aluminum alloy wheel rims, as well as to analyze the maximum total deformation that occurs. The finite element method is employed to simulate the vibration characteristic of 17-inch aluminum alloy wheel rims under various natural frequencies. Modifications to the wheel rim design are made by altering the spoke angle in variations of 5°, 10°, and 15°. The vibration characteristic data of the wheel rim was obtained through simulation using ANSYS software. The research findings indicate that the natural frequencies range from approximately 364.7 Hz to 723.21 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum total deformation values range from approximately 9.7 mm to 22.5 mm.

Optimization of Savonius Turbine Performance with Variations in Blade and Shaft Spacing on the Coast of Sarmi Regency, Papua Province

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The use of wind energy as one of the producers of electrical energy is done by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy from wind turbines, one of which is the savonius wind turbine. Savonius wind turbines in use are able to work at low wind speeds. This study aims to evaluate the potential of wind energy that can be generated by optimization in savonius wind turbines by measuring the power generated by varying the gap distance between Balde and turbine shafts and analyzing the most optimal power as a source of power generation on the coast of Sarmi Regency, Papua Province. The analysis method in this study is field surveys, wind speed measurements, power optimization, BHP and tool efficiency carried out with variations in the distance between the blade and turbine shaft, namely 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. The results of this study stated that the most optimal and stable results on the power generated by the turbine as well as the BHP value and the best tool efficiency were a distance variation of 15 cm with an average power value produced (P0) of 15.55 Watts, an average BHP value of 0.56 Watts and an average efficiency value of 7.59%.

Analysis of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Barapen Cooking in Papua

Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Barapen, a cooking tradition in various indigenous Papuan communities. To date, various social science studies have been conducted to examine social values, business economics, and political economy. While research in the aspects of applied science has yet to be conducted to study the phenomenon of heat transfer by natural convection from hot stones to food in cooking packs, this research was conducted. The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of heat transfer by natural convection from hot stones to food in cooking packs. In this study, a square-shaped artificial pool (260 cm x 210 cm x 50 cm) with white batah stone walls was used to cook food in a barapen. On the four walls, a type K thermocouple is inserted to measure the temperature at 3 layers, which will be the object of research. The ingredients are vegetables, sweet potatoes, and chicken meat that has been cut and stoned. As a discussion, the temperature gradient between layers occurs due to the difference in the amount of volumetric heat against time in each layer. The difference in the amount of heat in each layer is due to the difference in the density of the hot vapor trapped in each layer. Thus, it can be said that the cooking of food in Barapen occurs due to natural heat convection.

The Effect of Rotation Speed on the Quality of Friction Welding Joints in Aluminum and Copper

Habibi Santoso, Aep Surahto, Fatimah Dian Ekawati — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Welding of two different materials has high difficulty. It will cause porosity and hot cracks. To improve this, a friction welding (FRW) process has been developed to weld materials in a molten state. In this process, the material will be clamped so as not to be thrown, one other material will be rotated and brought together with the other clamped material and the pressure that causes the two sides of the material to meet. The purpose of this study is to determine the strength of welded joints of various materials through tensile testing and microstructure testing in friction welding (FRW) welding. This study used 6061 aluminium and ASTM B187 copper for welding. The cylinder had a diameter of 16 millimetres and a length of 70 millimetres, and the spindle rotational speeds were 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm and 1800 rpm. Welding results were assessed by measuring the strength of weld joints between different types of materials. Test results on welding with different spindle rotational speeds showed that friction welding with 1800 rpm was stronger with a maximum tensile strength of 2762.8 N and a tensile strength of 13.7N/mm2 when compared to 1200 rpm and 1400 rpm. In testing the microstructure of different types of materials, it can be seen that the mixture of the two metals at a rotational speed of 1800 rpm is more melting, so that the unification of the joining of the two materials is better when compared to the rotational speed of 1200 rpm and 1400 rpm.

Line Stop Time Reduction through Dandori Evaluation in Plastic Injection Process Production

Yohanes T. Wibowo, Anggi Pratama, Vuko A. T. Manurung — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A quality product is a product that is efficiently produced. Line stops should be minimized to ensure efficient production. This study found a high line stop in the area of plastic injection machines caused by dandori. The line stops account for about 6% of the total production time 5.3% of them caused by dandori. Dandori is a line stop due to tools changing within a production process. This study aims to reduce the line stop by 30% and uses a fishbone analysis enhanced by the 5W+1H method for further analysis to reduce this problem. Enhancing the fishbone diagram with 5W+1H analysis produces a positive result. As a written calculation, this improvement gives a 28% line stop reduction, but it provides an average of 32.5% in actual operation. The improvement succeeded in reducing line stops due to dandori. The final achievement of 32% has passed the target of a 30% reduction and also provides an excellent cost-benefit ratio value of 20.9.

Optimization of Dehumidification Air Flow Distribution in Temulawak Tray Dryer with Computational Fluid Dynamics

Ridwan, Farul Apriansa, Rudi Irawan — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has long been recognized as a medicinal plant with a moisture content approximately 80-90%. The high moisture content of temulawak renders it challenging to store for extended periods without drying. Temulawak is susceptible to heat damage due to the potential for thermal degradation of its internal components. Accordingly, it can be concluded that low-temperature and low-air-humidity drying conditions are required. Furthermore, one of the most suitable methods is the use of a dryer that incorporates a dehumidification process. The objective of this research is to develop a temulawak dryer design and simulation variations of the incoming velocity of air flow to obtain the most optimal drying chamber by incorporating a vertical airflow channel. A design and simulation for a temulawak dryer were created using the 2022 version of SolidWorks software (flow simulation modul). The design started from drawing two-dimension, then three-dimension, and determining boundary condition and meshing. A fluid temperature of 35.7°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 22% were used to model the drying process at varying airflow velocities of 1.5 m/s, 2 m/s, and 2.5 m/s. The drying chamber, with dimensions of 676 mm x 406 mm and height of 806 mm, was designed using the type AISI 304 and achieved the most optimal airflow distribution results at a velocity of 2.5 m/s, exhibiting a relatively higher fluid temperature than the other two airflow velocity variation.

Preliminary Study on Wind Turbines for Power on Floating Net Cages

Herlina, Sri Agustina, Sariman, M. Akbar Pratama, M. Ichsan Azhary — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Focus of this primary study is to investigate how efficient horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) are in preserving floating net cages. The expansion of the aquaculture sector, which is increasingly dependent on advanced technologies like monitoring and data processing systems in open waters, need a reliable energy source. The investigation was carried out by manipulating wind speed, battery charging duration, and electrical load for both types of wind turbines in simulated field circumstances. Based on the test results, HAWT outperforms VAWT in generating a greater battery voltage and achieving a more consistent charging period at the same wind speed. The smallest voltage rise in HAWT is 2.2 m/s with a 5-minute 0% charging time and the maximum is 1.2 m/s with a 15-minute 38.1% charging time. While the VAWT demonstrates better stability under specific load conditions, the HAWT can generate substantial power throughout a wide range of wind speeds. This renders HAWT more appropriate for utilization in dynamic maritime applications, such as floating net cages.

Convective Coefficient and Evaporative in Forced Flow Solar Still

Akbar Oktavian, Dan Mugisidi, Rizky Alamsyach, Oktarina Heriyani — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The water crisis is a significant global problem, with more than 2 billion people lacking water and 1.1 billion having no access to clean water. Desalination, a method of converting seawater into fresh water by removing salt, is a potential solution to help coastal populations. This study aims to determine the convection and evaporation heat transfer coefficients and the effect of condenser cooling water temperature on the evaporation process and the increase in freshwater condensate. The research methodology involved the analysis of heat and mass transfer in a solar desalination system. A desalination device was designed to test the evaporation process with seawater temperature heated using halogen lamp light. Results show that increasing seawater temperature from 27°C to 42°C results in condensation when the temperature reaches about 30°C, affecting the water surface pressure and evaporation rate. Evaporation and condensation efficiencies are affected by convection and evaporation heat transfer, resulting in a convection heat transfer (0.84296 W/m2. °C) and evaporation heat transfer coefficient (23.81353 W/m².°C). This research demonstrates the potential of solar desalination technology in producing clean water.

IoT Based Remote Low Voltage Power Circuit Breaker System in Flood Areas

Ainil Syafitri, Kemil Syarif — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In some housing complexes with traditional electrical installation systems, electrical substations are often located in the middle of the housing complex or an area affected by flooding, causing the substation to be submerged and potentially endangering flood victims from being electrocuted. Based on these conditions, a remote voltage breaker system is needed to cut the electricity off automatically when the water level has passed a set point. This remote low-voltage electricity breaker system in flood areas is a tool for disconnecting the electrical system by detecting the water level. It can be monitored remotely based on IoT using an Android-based application. Using the HCSR04 Ultrasonic sensor to detect the water level in each container with a reading distance ranging from 2 cm to 450 cm, Ultrasonic sensor measurements will determine whether the detected water level is dangerous or not if the condition is dangerous, namely the detected water level is higher than the set point. Then, the MCCB will trip automatically. A microcontroller will process data and display the water level on the smartphone using the Blynk application. This tool uses a Node MCU-type microcontroller equipped with an ESP8266 WiFi module that functions as a regulator of the components used. The Blynk application will display water level monitoring data detected by the ultrasonic sensor in centimetre units. In the Blynk application, there is also a widget button that triggers the MCCB manually remotely. Several tests carried out on ultrasonic sensors produce the lowest error value of 1.49%, and the maximum trip time is 2.07 seconds.

Diagnosing Voltage and Current Imbalance of Three-Phase Induction Motor with Artificial Neural Network Method

Suparman Uden, Sofian Yahya, Adnan Rafi Al Tahtawi — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Industries today are increasingly using three-phase induction motors. It is an important tool for production continuity and progress. Power quality issues, such as voltage and current imbalance, are prevalent today and can lead to motor overheating and inefficiency. Even worse, interruptions can impede the production process, resulting in losses and higher repair costs. This study uses MATLAB and microcontroller-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods to identify voltage and current imbalances in three-phase induction motors, thereby preventing significant damage and preserving the service life. ANN works by learning and classifying the collected data. The testing flow uses 30% of the data, while the training flow uses the remaining 70%. The classification results showed that 60.49% of the voltages were balanced, and 31.59% were unbalanced. We found an accuracy percentage of 99.51% for both balanced and unbalanced voltages, a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0167, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.1294.