Jurnal Infrastruktur Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pancasila (J.Infras) diterbitkan 2 (dua) kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan April dan bulan Oktober
MICRO-SIMULATION LEVEL OF SERVICE AND OPTIMIZATION CYCLE TIME ON SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION
Tabek Gadang signalized intersection, which links Jl. Soebrantas and Jl. SM Amin, is one of the key intersections in Pekanbaru City that frequently experiences traffic congestion. This issue arises because the intersection serves as a connector for several vital zones, including educational institutions, office areas, commercial centers, and residential neighborhoods, leading to heavy traffic buildup, particularly during rush hours. This issue, the present study proposes an optimization of the signal cycle time using VISSIM-based microsimulation modeling. Main of objective this research to evaluated intersection’s operational performance following the optimization process. The analysis conducted through VISSIM microsimulation reveals that optimizing the signal cycle time from the existing condition to 50 seconds results in a reduction of average delay from 29.6 seconds and improves level of service from category F to D.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Infrastruktur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EVALUATION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT CONDITION USING ROAD CONDITION INDEX METHOD AND PAVEMENT DESIGN MANUAL 2024 ON PESAGUAN-KENDAWANGAN ROAD SECTION
The Pesaguan-Kendawangan road section is a strategic corridor connecting industrial areas with ports in Ketapang Regency. The intensity of mining and industrial activities has significantly increased traffic loads, requiring a comprehensive evaluation of road infrastructure conditions. This study aims to assess the condition, determine the type of treatment and cost requirements on the Pesaguan-Kendawangan road section and which is a connecting road section of the industrial area in the Ketapang area. The method used is the Road Condition Index (RCI) approach which is converted into the International Roughness Index (IRI) to assess road conditions. For road improvement/reconstruction needs, the thickness of the pavement components is determined using the 2024 Pavement Design Manual by considering the Cumulative Equivalent Standard Axle Load traffic load of 3.1 × 10⁶ ESA5. The results of the study indicate that the 65.27-kilometer section has a high reconstruction need of 22.90 percent, the IRI value ranges from 1,627 to 16,041 meters per kilometer. Based on the analysis using MDP 2024, there are 5 alternative types of construction for handling the road section, because the regional conditions have limited resources of crushed stone materials, the level of difficulty of the work and difficult access to the work location, so the type of construction for handling Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) with a thickness of 50 mm and a 300 mm Soil Cement foundation layer was chosen. The conclusion is that the RCI method can be used to evaluate road conditions and the MDP 2024 method can also be used to plan road pavement designs on the Pesaguan-Kendawangan road section.
REDUCING TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RATES TO ZERO ACCIDENT THROUGH THE ROAD SAFETY AUDIT METHOD ON THE KOLAKA – NORTH KOLAKA READ SECTION
One of the Trans-Sulawesi road sections that frequently happen traffic accidents is the Kolaka – North Kolaka road section. The protected forest area on the Tamborasi Incline (KM 78 – KM 81) in Iwomenda District, Kolaka Regency is the highest accident-prone area with a total of 87 accidents since 2022. The causal factors are poor road conditions, damaged road equipment, lack of lighting, and driver negligence. The solution to address this problem is by conducting a comprehensive audit on the Kolaka – North Kolaka road section. The purpose of this study is to provide academic studies for the local government in implementing the management of traffic accident-prone areas through road safety audits to reduce the accident rate towards Zero Accident. The method used is the road safety audit method including field surveys, identification of accident-prone points (black spots), road geometric analysis, and evaluation of supporting safety facilities such as signs, markings, and street lighting. The audit results showed that several road segments have significant deficiencies in geometric aspects and the completeness of safety facilities, which directly contribute to the high risk of accidents. The percentage of factors causing accidents are human factors (56.42%), vehicle factors (10%), physical environmental conditions (21.42%), and road conditions (12.14%). Recommendations for improvement are provided based on the audit findings for implementation by relevant parties, such as improving infrastructure quality, adding warning signs, and regulating vehicles. It is hoped that the results of this study can inform policymaking in planning and improving the road transportation system to create a safe and comfortable traffic environment without accidents, aiming for a Zero Accident target in the Kolaka-North Kolaka area.
EVALUATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL CONDITION IN EXISTING BUILDINGS USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES BASED ON CONCRETE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION
The assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) building structures is a critical step in ensuring the sustainability and functional reliability of existing facilities. This study aims to evaluate the quality of concrete using Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods—namely Rebar Locator, Rebound Hammer (RH), and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)—and to formulate maintenance strategies based on concrete quality classification. Testing was conducted on six column locations of a three-story office building, with measured compressive strength values ranging from 36.3 MPa to 48.9 MPa and ultrasonic pulse velocities ranging from 2.57 m/s to 4.75 m/s. The test results were interpreted to determine the condition levels of the concrete, which subsequently served as the basis for recommending appropriate maintenance actions. The findings revealed that structural elements at Level 1 were classified as Excellent, whereas Levels 2 and 3 exhibited conditions ranging from Good to Doubtful. Maintenance strategies were formulated accordingly, encompassing routine maintenance, localized repair, and structural strengthening in critical areas. This NDT-based approach enhances the accuracy of condition-based maintenance planning and contributes to both the sustainability and safety of reinforced concrete building structures.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND PERMEABILITY BEHAVIOR OF 41.4 MPA PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT CONCRETE UNDER SEAWATER EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
This study examines the effects of seawater salinity on the mechanical and permeability properties of concrete made with Portland Composite Cement (PCC), a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with up to 30% lower CO₂ emissions. Concrete specimens were cured in water ponds with salinity levels of <0.1%, 0.2–0.4%, 0.6–0.7%, and 3–3.5% to simulate coastal exposure. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, permeability, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) were tested at 7, 28, 42, 56, and 90 days. Compressive strength generally increased with age, but the target of 41.4 MPa was not consistently reached by 42 days. High salinity exposure reduced tensile strength and produced more brittle fracture patterns, indicating increased cracking potential. Interestingly, permeability decreased in high-salinity samples, possibly due to salt crystallization within pores, though this was not supported by UPV results. The weak correlation between UPV and both strength and permeability suggest microstructural effects not captured by non-destructive testing alone. PCC concrete showed acceptable performance in low-salinity conditions (<1%), making it suitable for mildly aggressive marine environments. These findings support the broader use of PCC in sustainable construction and highlight the need for further microstructural investigation under saline exposure.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SMKK IMPLEMENTATION IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN BANJARMASIN: ANALYSIS OF KEY FACTORS AND POSITIVE IMPACTS IN WETLAND ENVIRONMENTS
This study examines the effectiveness of the Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) implementation in the field according to the plan and analyzes the main factors influencing the application of CSMS in high-rise construction projects in Banjarmasin. The research methods involved interviews, questionnaires, and Relative Importance Index analysis. The results show that the administrative aspects of SMKK implementation comply with applicable regulations, and its field implementation runs well and appropriately. The potential for occupational accidents has been minimized through various important measures taken by contractors, such as the availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for work, socialization and promotion of occupational safety and health, conducting Toolbox Meetings, Safety Induction, Safety Morning Talks, provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), procurement of Fire Protection Equipment, and installation of OSH informational signs. Additionally, checklists were conducted on work locations, work equipment, permits, scaffold use and training, worker health, and labor insurance. Routine evaluations of CSMS implementation were also carried out. Proper and effective “CSMS” supervision also played a role in reducing the risk of occupational accidents and ensuring no delays in project completion. All these actions reflect a commitment to worker safety and health and make “CSMS supervision an integral part of the smooth operation of construction projects. Significant factors influencing the potential for occupational accidents include inadequate work execution methods and workers’ understanding of operating work equipment. Meanwhile, well-implemented accident control factors include the availability of work methods and operational programs, as well as regular inspection and maintenance of equipment. In terms of supervision, the use of PPE by workers and supervision of accident risks have also proven to be very effective. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive safety management and continuous supervision in construction projects.
Implementation and Supervision of Workplace Safety Supervision
THE EFFECT OF STIFFENERS AND CASTELLATED BEAM HOLE COVERS ON BUCKLING IN RAMP DOOR CONSTRUCTION WITH FINITE ELEMEN METHOD
Castellated steel is a steel beam that has a hexagonal hollow web element. One of the cases that often occurs in castellated steel structures is buckling. This study takes a case study of ramp door construction made of castellated steel. The ramp door construction experienced buckling damage after a load test. Analysis was carried out on four ramp door models with loading resembling the actual conditions of the bridge according to SNI 1725-2016. The first modeling uses a 900x200x11x17 castellated main beam without the addition of stiffeners. The second modeling with the addition of stiffeners at each distance between castellated holes. The third modeling closes all holes without the addition of stiffeners. The fourth modeling closes all holes with the addition of stiffeners at each distance between castellated holes. The analysis was carried out using the finite element method. This study aims to determine the effect of stiffeners and castellated hole covers on deformation values, equivalent stress and buckling eigenvalues. From the analysis of the effect of stiffener (second model) for the deflection value decreased by 0.62%, the stress value increased by 4.04%, the buckling eigenvalue increased by 144.94%. The effect of castellated cover (third model) for the deflection value decreased by 8.69%, the stress value decreased by 19.71%, the buckling eigenvalue increased by 12.75%. The effect of stiffener and castellated cover (fourth model) for the deflection value decreased by 11.18%, the stress value decreased by 20.15%, the buckling eigenvalue increased by 153.98%.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF TOTAL FIRE SYSTEM (PMTFS) TO IMPROVE BUILDING RELIABILITY
This study examines the implementation of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in the preventive maintenance of the Total Fire System (TFS) to enhance building safety and reliability. Poor maintenance practices can compromise these aspects, increasing fire risks due to inadequately maintained fire protection systems. Utilizing WBS, the study breaks down maintenance tasks into manageable components, improving clarity and effectiveness in planning, execution, and documentation. The hierarchical WBS framework, validated through expert feedback via the Delphi method, was applied in a case study at the Faculty of Computer Science building at the University of Indonesia. The case study demonstrated significant improvements in operational efficiency and compliance with fire safety regulations. WBS enhances task clarity, allows effective scheduling of maintenance activities, and establishes a reliable documentation system. Key benefits of WBS include optimized resource use, cost savings, improved team collaboration, and extended lifespan of fire safety systems. To implement WBS effectively, the study recommends comprehensive training for maintenance teams, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and adopting continuous improvement practices. In conclusion, this study illustrates that WBS significantly enhances TFS maintenance effectiveness and can be applied across various building types, promoting structured and efficient maintenance practices to improve safety and reliability.
Work Breakdown Structure, Perawatan Pencegahan, Total Fires System, Keandalan Gedung, Manajemen Keselamatan Kebakaran
IMPACT OF LAND COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN DEPOK CITY
Depok City is an area that is experiencing changes in land cover due to very rapid regional development Apart from that, changes in land cover are also caused by population growth which continues to increase. This puts pressure on changes in land cover and its implications for land cover. Changes in land cover from vegetated land to built-up land will cause environmental problems, namely changes in land surface temperature. This research aims to identify land cover conditions based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), identify changes in land surface temperature, and analyze the effect of land cover changes based on NDVI on land surface temperature in Depok City in 2012-2022. This research uses spatial analysis to determine land cover changes based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Depok City 2012-2022. Satellite image data is interpreted to produce NDVI maps for 2 different years at a scale of 1:50,000. With changes in vegetated land cover, it causes changes in land surface temperature. To find out how big the relationship between these two things is, correlation analysis was carried out using linear regression analysis methods and spatial analysis methods. The results of this research are very significant changes in LST area from 2012 to 2022 with temperatures of <35°C in the Sawangan, Bojongsari, Tapos, Pancoran Mas and Limo sub-districts. Meanwhile, at a temperature of >40°C, very significant changes occur in the areas of Cimanggis, Cinere, Beji, Tapos and Sukmajaya sub-districts. The correlation between LST and NDVI in 2012 and 2022 has a strong negative correlation, which shows that the greater the NDVI value, the LST value tends to decrease.
pasial ; Perubahan Tutupan Lahan ; Geographic Information System
IDENTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY RISKS FOR IRRIGATION NETWORK PROJECT BASED ON THE WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) TO IMPROVE CONSTRUCTION SAFETY PERFORMANCE
The construction sector in Indonesia faces a high risk of occupational accidents, particularly in irrigation network projects. This study develops a standardized Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for irrigation projects to improve safety performance. The WBS standard, detailed into 177 activities across five levels, enables precise identification of safety risks during project planning. Utilizing expert validation through the Delphi Method, 708 risk variables were identified, with 25 dominant risks grouped into three main categories: heavy equipment-related accidents (material lifting failures and traffic collisions) and electric shocks. This framework enhances the implementation of preventive measures and aligns safety management systems with construction activities. Findings reveal that material lifting failures with mobile cranes, traffic-related heavy equipment accidents, and electric shocks are the most significant risks. Integrating WBS-based safety planning during pre-construction improves project safety performance, reduces costs, and enhances sustainability. This research highlights the critical need for comprehensive safety strategies tailored to irrigation projects.
STRATEGIES AND METHODS FOR REPAIRING CONCRETE STRUCTURE DAMAGE AT PLTU X
The use of large volumes of concrete often results in damage such as honeycombs and cracks, which can threaten the strength and durability of the structure. One method of repairing such damage is through demolition. However, demolishing concrete structures due to defects can be costly. Technology advancements have led to the development of repair methods that do not require dismantling the structure. This can be done with Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to identify the factors causing the damage, as well as Forensic Assessment using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo (UPE) to assess the condition of the concrete. The analysis showed that there were several main factors that caused the damage, including the use of inappropriate vibrators and a lack of worker skills. This research demonstrates that not all damage requires total demolition; there are various repair methods that can extend the lifespan of the structure without incurring high costs. This research provides a step for construction management in aligning repair strategies to improve the durability and safety of concrete structures in power plants.
CHANGE ORDER RATIO ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A STRATEGY FOR CONTINGENCY COST MANAGEMENT
Change Orders (CO) represent a significant challenge in the construction industry, often leading to substantial adjustments in project budgets. COs, encompassing both scope additions and reductions, can result in discrepancies between initial budgets and final project costs, thus affecting project profitability and sustainability. To measure the impact of CO on budgets, this study employs the Change Order Ratio (COR) and its components: CORA (Change Order Ratio in Addition) for budget increases and CORS (Change Order Ratio in Subtraction) for budget reductions. This research analyzes data from 36 construction projects managed by PT XYZ in Indonesia from 2020 to 2024, with aims to (1) identify patterns in budget changes, (2) assess the statistical significance of CORA and CORS on COR, and (3) recommend contingency budgeting strategies. Findings reveal that both CORA and CORS have a significant impact on COR, with average values of 13.32% for CORA and 9.30% for CORS. Based on these findings, a contingency budget of 10-15% of the initial contract value is recommended. This study underscores the importance of effective CO management, particularly in anticipating scope additions, to maintain budget stability and enhance the accuracy of financial planning in construction projects.
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF COASTAL PROTECTION OF SUNGAI HITAM ESTUARY IN BENGKULU PROVINCE
One of the estuaries in Bengkulu Province, the Air Hitam River Estuary, has gradation and estuary drift problems based on Google Earth satellite observations annually. The cause is the occurrence of high sediment material and the phenomenon of longshore currents. The structural solution is the design of a jetty structure with a long type because the estuarine condition causes the need to remain open. This coastal protection aims to maintain estuary stability and regulate the stream flow. The methods used in the research methods are the Admiralty method in the processing of tidal data and the Hindcasting method from CERC in the processing of wind data. The results of the analysis provide a jetty length of 270 m with a width of 200 m between jetties. The left and right jetties have a peak width of 3 m and the highest building is 4 m from sea level with high tidal parameters of HHWL, MSL, and LLWL conditions are 78.21 m, 0.04 m, and -78.36 m, respectively. The breaking wave analysis derived a height of 2.50 m at a depth of -3.22 m which is utilized for infrastrcture dimension analysis. The coastal protection materials used with a 1:2 building slope on both jetties are tetrapods for the first and second layers, and boulders for the core layer. Used 0.5-2 tons weight of tetrapods for both sides of the jetty, 0.44-16.71 kg and 0.18-16.71 kg weight of boulder stones for both sides of the jetty, and toe protection used boulder stones weighing 43.69-157.28 kg and 18.39-157.28 kg for both sides of the jetty. Based on the literature study and estuary conditions, this design is capable of maintaining estuary stability and control river flow effectively.
ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF MICROTRANS JAK 47 CIGANJUR – PASAR MINGGU
Transportation is an important aspect in supporting the economy and helping community activities. To deal with the increasing mobility of the community, the DKI Jakarta provincial government in collaboration with PT Transportasi Jakarta has innovated to create a transportation program called Jaklingko. Currently, the Jaklingko microtrans already has 83 routes, one of which is the Jak 47 route which operates in the Ciganjur - Pasar Minggu area, South Jakarta. The service of route 47 seems to be unable to serve well which causes a buildup of users during peak hours so that the load factor increases. The purpose of this study is to analyze operational performance and analyze the existing performance of the Jak 47 microtrans. Data collection was carried out using a field survey method in the form of a dynamic survey and a static survey. Then the survey results will be compared with the 2002 Minimum Service Standards (SK Ditjen Hubdat No.687 / AJ.206 / DRJD / 2002). Based on the results of the analysis, operational performance indicators such as load factor, headway, travel time, speed and frequency have performed well.
THE INFLUENCE OF POLICY ON SMELTER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ON IMPROVING PROJECT TIME PERFORMANCE
To facilitate downstreaming in mining industry, the law requires holders of Mining Business Permits (IUP) and Work Contracts (KK) to establish smelters, namely mining processing facilities that function to increase metal content to a level that meets standards as raw materials for final products. From the policy factors found that policy has a role in the problem of delays in smelter construction in Indonesia. Therefore, evaluation and improvement of regulations as a solution to the problem need to be carried out so that smelter construction as an effort to implement mining downstreaming can be implemented properly. The study was conducted by collecting qualitative primary data which was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In the relationship between policy variables and project time performance variables, Variable X3 Supervision and Variable X6 Force Majeure has a significant effect on the project time performance variable, while other variables do not have a significant effect.
ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE FUNCTION OF SIDEWALK SERVICES IN MAJENE REGENCY
Walking is the simplest form of transportation and can be used by everyone. The decline in the desire to walk is associated with the reduced service functionality of sidewalk infrastructure. This study examines pedestrian perceptions regarding the service functionality of sidewalks on DR. Ratulangi, AP. Pettarani, and Gatot Subroto streets in Banggae Subdistrict, Majene Regency. The perception assessment study uses a qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistical approach, referring to the Ministry of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 03-2014, which provides guidelines for planning, providing, and utilizing infrastructure and pedestrian network facilities in urban areas. The analysis results indicate that the use of sidewalks is mainly driven by considerations of time and safety while walking. Respondent perceptions show that the aspects of comfort, safety, and connectivity on the streets studied fall under the "fairly good" criteria. Based on the existing perceptions, respondents expressed a desire for improvements and enhancements in these variables, which are expected to increase both interest and the need for walking using sidewalk facilities.
STUDY OF MODELING AND MAPPING OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION AT TANJUNG SETIA BEACH LAMPUNG PROVINCE BY UTILIZING DELFT3D SOFTWARE
Tanjung Setia Beach is located in the West Coast area of Lampung Province. This location is very vulnerable of disaster such as tsunami, because it is on the edge of a geologically active continent with a coastline facing the Indian Ocean and distinguished by the confluence of tectonic plates. With such conditions at any time a tsunami disaster can occur and cause damage to the area. One of the weaknesses in the Tanjung Setia coastal tourist area on, West Coast of Lampung Province, is non exist of hazard maps or KRB (Disaster Prone Vulnerability) maps made by the National Center for Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation. Modeling the propagation of tsunami waves by determining the distribution pattern of tsunami waves and implementing several planned wave height values and historical wave height is a basic step of disaster mitigation in the area. Using Delft3D 4.04.01 software based on data and scenario analysis can produce wave propagation in the area. The height and wave period of the plan are calculated using the hindcasting method and are based on the SPM 1984 standard and then used as input in Delft3D modeling software. From the calculation results, the height and wave period of the maximum plan for the 15 year is 3.01 m with a period of 8.21 s, the 25 year is 3.16 m with a period of 8.49 s and the 50 year is 3.37 m with a period of 8.87 s. In addition, historical tsunami wave heights of 3.6 m, 8 m and 15 m are also used as inputs in the Delft3D model. The results of propagation planned wave does not cause a significant tsunami disaster. As a result of wave propagation based on the historical height of tsunamis used, 3.6 m wave does not cause tsunami disasters in the area and take 35 minutes to reach coastal areas, while waves of 8 and 15 meters are able to cause tsunami disasters on land, which takes 27-34 minutes to reach the coast. All three scenarios qualify for model accuracy in shallow seas. From the results of mapping using GIS software, the maximum propagation of the scenario of high waves of 8 meters on land as far as 803 meters and waves of 15 meters as far as 872 m from the coastline.
MAPPING THE LITERATURE ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
This research was conducted to explore community participation in urban infrastructure development using bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database. This study aims to identify trends, gaps, and contributions of researchers in this field. Results show that the number of studies related to community participation in urban infrastructure development has increased significantly, peaking in 2021. Sustainability Switzerland is the publisher with the most contributions, while The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University Bosowa, and the University of Cape Town are the most active affiliates.The most dominant field of study in this study is Social Sciences, with a total of 155 articles. Keyword cluster analysis divides this study into three main focuses: climate change mitigation, governance-based participation, and water and sanitation management. Potential areas for further research include equity, technology in participation, and assessing the impact of community participation in infrastructure development.
COMPARISON RESULTS OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS METHODS: SAW, TOPSIS, AND MAUT IN CONTRACTOR SELECTION AT PT X
PT X, a company operating in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector located in East Jakarta, is expanding its Distribution Center (DC) to help increase distribution rates. Selecting the right contractor can help expedite the supply chain and shape the company's strategy. PT X faces several issues related to contractor selection with various criteria in the DC construction process. To address these issues, careful contractor selection is necessary. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods such as Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) are used in the contractor selection system. The SAW and MAUT methods have advantages in simple and easy calculations, while TOPSIS excels in detailed data processing. This study aims to compare these three methods in contractor selection for the DC construction tender. The research data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders and PT X management. The analysis results show that, based on Euclidean Distance (ED) and Average Error Rate (AER), the MAUT method is considered more suitable for application at PT X, with an ED value of 0.4012 and an AER of 0%.
Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
HIGH-DENSITY CONCRETE AS A RADIATION SHIELDING – SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
High-density concrete (HDC) has been extensively employed as radiation shielding owing to its high density and capacity to absorb gamma rays and neutrons. The optimal average density of HDC for protecting against various types of radiation generally ranges from 2.2 g/cm³ to 3.5 g/cm³. This density may vary depending on the type of aggregate used, such as serpentine, barite, siderite, magnesite, and others. The study analyzes the use of high density concrete as a radiation protector using systematic literature review. The research method uses the PRISMA methodology with data search using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application with the keywords "High-Density Concrete," "Materials," and "Radiation Shielding" on the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer visualizes relationships between key terms in research. The results show that the average optimal density on high density concrete for radiation protectors varies, depending on the type of aggregate used.The selection of aggregates has a significant impact on the performance of concrete in radiation protectors. Aggregates such as barite, hematite, magnetite, and industrial waste (such as CRT glass and EAF barrel) are effective in enhancing radiation protection performance. Overall, the compressive strength of high-density concrete is an important factor in ensuring structural stability and effectiveness as a radiation shield. This study provides an in-depth perspective on the development of high-density concrete as radiation shielding and offers directions for future research in this field.
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVELS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Drinking water is one of the basic human needs and is very important to improve the quality of human life and economic growth of the country. In 2020 Sukabumi City with a population of 346,325,000 people, the reliability of clean water is one of the determining indicators of population welfare. With the availability of water, the health and productivity of the community can be maintained, which in turn has a significant economic impact on the community. This study aims to measure the level of public satisfaction with the quality and level of service of drinking water providers in Sukabumi City. The data was collected from primary data, namely area observation and questionnaire distribution, while secondary data was obtained from location maps, document research and supervisory decision 63 A/PDAM/KPTS/2011 on Minimum Service Standard Regulations. The analysis method used is the Critical Performance Analysis (IPA) method which compares the actual score with the expectations of 5 main variables namely; Connection Quality, Payment, Service, quality, quantity, and accuracy of water meters. with a calculated decision limit value of 91.84% and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to achieve SPAM customer satisfaction scores. The results of existing calculations show that Sukabumi customer satisfaction reached 86.87%, which means that they are “very satisfied” with the performance of PERUMDA AIR MINIUM TIRTA BUMI WIBAWA CITY OF SUKABUMI. Thus with the current CSI Index the company may secure the long-term sustainability of its operations
OPTIMIZATION OF SUNGAI PENUH CITY ASSET DATABASE USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
One of the strategic issues facing the City of Sungai Penuh is flooding, as indicated by the Detailed Spatial Planning (Rencana Detail Tata Ruang or RDTR) for the years 2021–2024. Despite efforts to manage the drainage, there is currently no digital-based drainage asset database in the City of Sungai Penuh. The aim of this study is to optimize the asset database used by the Geographic Information System (GIS) at the Public Works and Housing Agency (Dinas PUPR) of Sungai Penuh. The objective is to enhance the efficiency of asset management owned by the Dinas PUPR of Sungai Penuh in terms of utilization, management, and maintenance. This research employs the waterfall method for system design and part analysis to evaluate the condition of the asset database. According to this study, the drainage infrastructure asset database system still does not meet user needs from various perspectives. Several aspects require improvement. The development of a drainage infrastructure asset database through the implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS), aligned with findings from questionnaires and analysis using the PIECES framework, has proven to meet user expectations. This is particularly evident in the aspects of delivering relevant information, data security, and the availability of adequate services. This evaluation can be substantiated through the average Satisfaction Response (RK) score, which indicates user satisfaction levels ranging from satisfied to very satisfied.
LOSS ANALYSIS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN DKI JAKARTA DUE TO WASTE MATERIALS
As an area develops, developments in all areas of construction become increasingly widespread, including the construction/improvement of road construction. In the implementation of construction projects, problems often occur, one of which is that there is still a lot of remaining material that is wasted and will cause waste (Lestari, 2022). This research aims to identify and categorize the types of materials that cause waste in road construction, as well as evaluate the percentage, causes and impact of waste on project losses. Quantitative methods are used to obtain the percentage of waste on projects using data on material type, installation volume, purchase volume and total material costs. Then the data is processed using multiple regression analysis which will be simulated in SPSS. The analysis results indicate that the types of materials most frequently contributing to waste in rigid pavement road construction/improvement projects are as follows: X1 ready-mix concrete 10.99%, X2 wiremesh iron 6.73%, X3 dowel iron 11.81%, and X4 plastic 5.11%. The sources causing the generation of waste materials include design, implementation, material procurement/handling, and residuals. Assessing the impact of waste materials on losses in road construction projects using SPSS multiple linear regression, the project loss variable is derived as Y = -711.522 + 0.749 X1 + 60.096 X3. This implies that the materials significantly affecting project losses are X1 ready-mix concrete and X3 dowel iron. The magnitude of the influence of independent variables (ready-mix concrete and dowel iron) on project losses is 58.80%. The results of this research have implications in preventing losses from road construction projects in DKI Jakarta.
STUDY OF SPILLWAY ROUTING IN WATER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH POND SYSTEMS TO OPTIMIZE FLOOD CONTROL IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS
Ponds are key structures in flood control strategies, especially in industrial areas which have a high vulnerability to excess air runoff. The main risk faced is the potential for air overflow from the pond, which could cause serious damage downstream, including the risk of embankment failure and damage to the spillway. Therefore, controlling the water level in the pond is very important, especially in dealing with high-intensity flooding events. When the water level reaches the specified threshold, the water in the pool must flow in a controlled to the drainage channel through the spillway. This research uses the HSS Nakayasu method to estimate flood discharge entering the pond. At the same time, the calculation of the spillway is carried out based on the reservoir capacity of the pond and the planned spillway design. The research results show that the flood discharge entering the pond at various return periods, namely 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 years, ranges from 19.53 m³/s to 33.78 m³/s. The discharge from the spillway varies from 5,03 m³/s to 8,68 m³/s at the same return period. The maximum flood water level above the spillway varies from 0,90 m to 1.30 m, with the increase in water level from the bottom of the pond (elevation +20.00 m) reaching +24.90 m to +25.30 m. Further calculation results show that at a return period of 100 years, the pond is able to reduce flood discharge by up to 74%, with 26% of the flood discharge being channeled gradually through spillways and drainage channels to the river. The effectiveness of the spillway in reducing the risk of runoff confirms that this pond functions as a reliable flood mitigation solution for the shoe factory industrial area in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java Province.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN GREEN SPACES
Kota Depok, located in the western part of West Java Province, has experienced rapid growth over the past few decades. This growth occurred alongside intense urbanization, industrial development, and population increase. Apart from the positive impact of economic growth and infrastructure development, this rapid development causes environmental damage and loss of green open land. This can impact air, water, and soil quality and threaten environmental sustainability. This paper systematically tries to inventory the factors involved in urban green spaces' sustainability with a structural approach using Cross-Impact Matric Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) software. Of the 12 factors analyzed, five have a strong level of influence and low dependence, and 3 have a strong influence but have high reliance. These factors are 1) LU policy, 2) law enforcement, 3) environmental education, 4) stakeholder integrity, and 5) community involvement and participation, while 1) biodiversity conservation, 2) land value, and 3 ) environmental maintenance and protection is a factor that has a strong influence but is also highly dependent. Stakeholders can use the results of identifying these key factors as considerations for making decisions.
ANALYSIS OF REMAINING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THEIR CAUSAL FACTORS IN BUILDING PROJECT
The problem that occurred in the ABC Flats Construction Project in Banjarbaru was that the project land was quite narrow. So if there is a large scale accumulation of material waste and lack of material management it can result in delays in the construction process, especially the mobilization and demobilization of tools. The aim of this research is to determine materials that cause large waste costs and the factors that cause them, as well as possible strategies to minimize waste. The analysis method is carried out using Pareto, waste cost and fishbone analysis. Collecting data by means of observation and interviews or brainstorming on several similar projects. The results of the Pareto analysis (80/20) show that there are two materials that contribute large costs, namely iron and concrete. The material that has the potential to generate large waste costs in the ABC Kalimantan Flats Construction Project as of the 21st week is ready mix concrete. The contribution of waste value per square meter is 0.073 m3 with a waste cost of 0.003% of the contract value. Based on the fishbone analysis, it was found thst the factors causing waste are a narrow location, stacking of moving materials, workers placing material carelessly, length of reinforcement that is not uniform, simplification of the shape of the pile cap structure, use of tools that do not match their function, number of orders that do not match, the rest of the concrete in the mixer, workers fatigue. Strategies to minimize waste of iron-concrete and ready-mix concrete materials are providing guidance to blacksmiths and workers, making access to tool distribution, using tools according to their functions, utilizing residual concrete, analyzing linear programs or barbending schedules. These results become considerations and suggestions in reducing the project budget due to the impact of material waste.
INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GREEN BUILDING AND CONVENTIONAL IN DKI JAKARTA
Sustainable buildings generally demonstrate a friendly environment, save energy and reduce operational costs, thus opening up significant investment opportunities in green buildings of the office property type. It is a shame that currently there are still very few office building developers who apply the green building concept, meanwhile the green building concept provides 31% greater profits than conventional buildings. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of four office buildings which are divided into two categories, namely category one (building 1 and Building 3) with a grade A building type and category two (building 2 and building 4) with a grade B building type. Building 1 and building 2 has received green building certification issued by GBCI. Building 2 and building 4 are buildings with a conventional concept. Calculation analysis is carried out using the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PP) methods. Based on the results of the analysis, from the two categories of building types, the results showed that the NPV of each building was said to be financially feasible with an NPV ratio of 294% (category 1) and 162% (category 2). The IRR obtained exceeds the MARR value, with a comparison of 54% (category 1) and 21% (category 2). The payback period is less than the project investment period, namely 20 years, with a difference of 5 years (category 1) and 3 years (category 2). The office buildings with the highest and best NPV are Building 1 and Building 3 (category 1), so that even though the construction costs and green building design planning costs incurred are higher, in the research object of each building there are quite significant differences in NPV and IRR and It is hoped that all new construction and renovation work carried out by developers can apply the green building concept.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINING THE WALKABILITY INDEX IN EDUCATIONAL AREA
The educational area like campus is one of the urban areas that generate or attract pedestrian movements. Providing pedestrian facilities in this area is crucial and needs to be noticed by relevant stakeholders. The objective of this study is to assess pedestrian facilities in the Universitas Pancasila Campus area by applying the Walkability Index methodology. Primary data consists of pedestrian facilities inventory data inventory data and walkability assessments through field surveys, pedestrian perception data through distributing questionnaires by online. It is intended that this study will give any recommendation, particularly with enhancing the neighbourhood around the campus for pedestrians. The Walkability Index results for the Universitas Pancasila campus area show that all surveyed routes are in the quite good (average index value of 54.38), this means that the provision of pedestrian facilities in this campus area is quite adequate. The campus needs to focus on three characteristics going forward: the availability of crossing facilities, facilities for the disabled, and supporting facilities, according to the parameter score that was achieved.
LANDFILL STABILITY ANALYSIS USING CORRUGATED CONCRETE SHEET PILE (CCSP) WITH PLAXIS 2D V22 SOFTWARE
Landfill in road projects requires a stable condition before it can be continued on further work. The stability factor of the landfill depends on the bearing capacity of the subgrade, the shear strength of the soil, the planned elevation, and the angle of inclination of the landfill. This research is located on one side of the Jagorawi Toll road and the Bogor Outer Ring Road, near the South Sentul Toll exit gate. The results of the soil investigation obtained a clay type soil classification at a depth of 0 – 13 m (N-SPT value 3-5). Initial analysis shows the need for landfill height, varies along the road (ranging 4.9 m - 2.4 m). The purpose of this research is to compare the stability of the landfill in the following 2 conditions, 1st condition from STA 1+789 – STA 1+850 (4.9 m height of landfill) using Corrugated Concrete Sheet Pile (CCSP) reinforcement on the left and right of the road side with a 2 m deep geotextile layer, and 2nd condition from STA 1+850 – STA 1 +950 (2.4 m height of landfill) does not use any reinforce. The research approach uses quantitative descriptive, research data including other soil classifications, bor logs, N-SPT values, soil properties from samples (C, Ø, γ, etc.) taken from the site. Apart from that, data on the geotextile and CCSP parameters that will be used is also needed. Analysis was carried out using the Finite Element approach and Plaxis 2D V22 software. The results show that in 1st condition, the safety factor value is 3.7, where the reinforcement system provided is able to withstand 3.7x the working load (vehicles and active soil). Meanwhile, on the 2nd condition produces a safety factor value of 5.2. The analysis results show that these 2 areas have a safety factor that exceeds the existing literature requirements, namely 1.5.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER CHANGES IN DEPOK CITY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Depok City is an area undergoing significant changes in land cover due to rapid urban development. Additionally, population growth is contributing to these land cover changes. These factors exert pressure on land use changes, with implications for land cover. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a spatial analysis of land cover changes in Depok City. This research employs Geographic Information System (GIS) methods and spatial analysis to examine land cover changes in Depok from 2017 to 2022. The objectives of this study are to identify the land cover conditions in Depok from 2017 to 2022 and analyze the changes in land cover during this period. The data source used is Landsat 8 satellite imagery. These satellite images were interpreted to produce land cover maps for the years 2017 and 2022. Subsequently, these two maps were overlaid to assess changes in land use. The research results revealed seven land cover classes in 2017, with the largest in terms of area being Residential/Built-up Areas (12,383.43 hectares), Green Open Spaces (3,479.66 hectares), Dryland Agriculture (2,218.65 hectares), Services/Industry (885.41 hectares), Paddy Fields (414.59 hectares), Open Land (373.66 hectares), and Water Bodies (239.23 hectares). Spatial analysis indicated a decrease in land cover for Green Open Spaces (238.84 hectares), Dryland Agriculture (122.67 hectares), and Paddy Fields (31.89 hectares). Conversely, an increase in land cover was observed for Residential/Built-up Areas (266.01 hectares), Services/Industry (91.84 hectares), and Open Land (35.55 hectares).