Clinical Evaluation of The Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-Ethambutol to Diagnose Pulmonary and Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis – Case Series
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Infectious tuberculosis disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can infect the lungs as well as other organs (extrapulmonary). Advanced diagnosis of TB disease using nuclear medicine methods involves the use of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-ethambutol. This study aims to clinically evaluate 99mTc-ethambutol for diagnosing both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Research methodology is clinical scientific research based on the disciplines of nuclear medicine and nuclear pharmacy in marketing surveillance of new drugs. The research period was in 2023, conducted at multiple centers across three hospitals with a sample of 22 serial post-marketing surveillance cases. The examination results for TB in the subjects using the ethambutol patch test showed positive results in 40.9% and negative results in 59.1%. Comparative tests of the ethambutol patch test against treatment outcomes using X-ray methods yielded positive results in 40.9% and negative results in 59.1%, and using culture methods yielded positive results in 27.3% and negative results in 72.7%. The comparative results of TB examinations using the three methods showed the same results and were compared with treatment outcomes, with 6 subjects testing positive for TB, 13 subjects testing negative for TB, and 3 subjects with positive results being cases of extrapulmonary TB. All subjects diagnosed with TB underwent treatment. The measurements of the ethambutol patch test method using scintigraphy showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 100%. The study concluded that the clinical evaluation of 99mTc-ethambutol can be used to diagnose both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. No drug side effects or subject complaints were found before or after the injection of 99mTc-ethambutol. Recommended to continue clinical evaluation with a larger number of subjects.
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Referensi
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