Mobile Apps WhatsApp Sebagai Media Komunikasi dan Informasi: Studi Literatur Sistematik
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Abstract
Mengikuti tren perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, salah satu inovasi berbentuk mobile apps yaitu WhatsApp muncul dan sudah diadaptasi terus berkembang dan mengalami pembaharuan, baik dari segi fungsi maupun visualnya. Melalui systematic literature review ini, peneliti ingin melihat bagaimana peran teknologi mobile apps seperti WhatsApp dalam perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Peneliti juga ingin mengidentifikasi lebih lanjut terkait penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp, serta lingkup bidang atau sektor apa saja yang mendominasi pemanfaatan mobile apps WhatsApp. Selain itu, peneliti juga ingin melihat apa saja dampak penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp pada masyarakat, baik dampak positif maupun negatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa teknologi WhatsApp digunakan dalam berbagai lingkup kerja, diantaranya bidang pendidikan, sosial, kesehatan, politik, industri, dan hukum. Karena efisiensi WhatsApp, aplikasi tersebut bahkan dapat menjadi alat komunikasi dan sarana informasi yang baik bagi kaum marjinal seperti tuna wisma dan tuna susila. WhatsApp juga menjadi aplikasi yang dapat membantu memberdayakan para perempuan yang berada di daerah dengan budaya patriarki, dengan memberikan kesempatan untuk melakukan usaha secara online, dan memberikan kebebasan untuk mengutarakan pendapat dan melakukan aktivitas politik. Pada masa pandemi, WhatsApp sangat berguna sebagai sarana untuk peningkatan awareness terhadap informasi-informasi kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh berbagai lembaga kesehatan resmi. Dengan berbagai dampak positif yang ada, WhatsApp sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi juga memiliki dampak negatif bagi penggunanya. Salah satu dampak negatif terbesar dari aplikasi WhatsApp adalah tersebarnya misinformasi.
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