REVIEW OF VISUAL AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES CONSERVATION IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF WAKATOBI REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE

  • Ray March Syahadat Program Doktor Universitas Gadjah Mada
Keywords: priority destinations, tourism development, tourism infrastructure, tourism planning, tourism policy

Abstract

Maybe some people still don't know when they hear the term of visual pollution. However, visual objects are important assets in supporting the character of an area. Even these visual objects sometimes become landmarks or ecomarks in the area and then become a tourist attraction. Unlike other countries, which already have regulations on visual preservation, in Indonesia it seems that no one has spoken out loud about this issue. Without regulations regarding visual preservation, it can pose a threat in the form of a source of visual discomfort that has an impact on the image of the area and tourism. Likewise with the uniqueness of the cultural landscape, both tangible and intangible, the wrong handling will eliminate the values ​​in it. This article aims to provide an overview of the position of tourism policies made by local governments in an effort to preserve the visual and cultural landscape using a case study approach in Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Wakatobi was chosen because it is one of Indonesia's ten priority destinations which, after receiving special attention from the government, began to show the development of tourism infrastructure. The data sources used in this study were secondary data obtained from various research articles, documents, reports, and related legal products. This article is expected to provide an enrichment of literature related to the preservation of visual and cultural landscapes in tourism. The results show that there is no specific policy to protect visual preservation in Wakatobi. Compared to visual preservation, efforts to preserve the cultural landscape are far more developed, although not yet deep.

References

Alnawas, I., & Hemsley-Brown, J. (2019). Examining the Key Dimensions of Customer Experience Quality in the Hotel Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(7), 833–861.

Anfuso, G., Williams, A. T., Hernández, J. C., & Pranzini, E. (2014). Coastal Scenic Assessment and Tourism Management in Western Cuba. Tourism Management, 42(2014), 307–320.

Ardiwidjadja, R. (2017). Pelestarian Tinggalan Budaya Bawah Air: Pemanfaatan Kapal Karam sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Selam. AMERTA, Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Arkeologi, 35(2), 133–148.

Awalia, R. N., Arifin, N. H. S., & Kaswanto. (2017). Kajian Karakter Pembentuk Lanskap Budaya Masyarakat Adat Kajang di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 9(2), 91–100.

Ayuninggar, D. P., Antariksa, & Wardhani, D. K. (2011). Kearifan lokal masyarakat Suku Tengger dalam pemanfaatan ruang dan upaya pemeliharaan lingkungan (studi kasus Desa Wonokitri, Kecamatan Tosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan). Proceedings Environmental Talk: Toward A Better Green Living 2011.

Bala, M., & Verma, D. (2018). A Critical Review of Digital Marketing. International Journal of Management, 8(10), 321–339.

Baumgarten, A. G. (1983). Aesthetica. Felix Meiner.

Breiby, M. A., & Slåtten, T. (2018). The Role of Aesthetic Experiential Qualities for Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), 1–14.

Budiawan, Damanik, J., Widiastuti, R., Wachyuni, S. S., & Priyambodo, T. K. (2021). Social Media and Millenials: Effects, Complexities, and Future Research. Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(4), 2701–2714.

Bureau of Land Management Visual Resources. (2021). Visual Resource Management. Bureau of Land Management Visual Resources. https://blmwyomingvisual.anl.gov/vr-mgmt/

Danese, M., Nolè, G., & Murgante, B. (2009). Visual impact assessment in urban planning. In Geocomputation and Urban Planning (pp. 133–146). Springer.

Daniel, C., & Boster, R. S. (1976). Measuring Landscape Aesthetic: The Scenic Beauty Estimation Method. USDA.

Deng, H. (2003). 卡尔•苏尔的文化生态学理论与实践. Geographical Research, 22(5), 625–634.

Dinas Pariwisata Pemda Wakatobi. (2012). Datang dan Nikmati Senasi Surga Wakatobi. Laut Biru.

Diyati, E., & Rani, F. (2018). Upaya Masyarakat Wakatobi dalam Menjadikan Taman Nasional Wakatobi sebagai Cagar Biosfer Dunia Tahun 2012. JOM FISIP, 5(1), 1–4.

Dungkal, A., & Ferdiansyah, E. (2014). Hotel Amaroossa Rugikan Warga Bogor secara Immaterial. Investor Daily Indonesia. https://investor.id/national/hotel-amaroossa-rugikan-warga-bogor-secara-immaterial

Hadat, H. (2020). Eksistensi Tri Hita Karana dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Hukum di Bali (Prespektif Filsafat Ilmu). Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, 9(1), 132–141.

Hasibuan, M. S. R., Nurhayati, & Kaswanto. (2014). Karakter Lanskap Budaya Rumah Larik di Kota Sungai Penuh, Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 6(2), 13–20.

Jerpåsen, G. B., & Larsen, K. C. (2011). Visual Impact of Wind Farms on Cultural Heritage: A Norwegian Case Study. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 31(3), 206–215.

Kohdrata, N., & Semarajaya, C. G. A. (2021). Memotret Bentuk-bentuk Toleransi di Desa Kampung Kusamba, Karangasem, Bali. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 13(1), 1–6.

Kritza, J. E., & Kartono, L. (2015). Bali Fashion Hotel. EDimensi Arsitektur Petra, 3(2), 921–928.

Lennon, J., & Mathews, S. (1996). Cultural Landscape Management: Guidelines for Identifying, Assessing and Managing Cultural Landscapes in The Australian Alps National Parks. Australian Alps Liaison Committee.

McHarg, I. L. (1971). Design with Nature. Natural History Press Doubleday & Company Inc.

Moon, H., & Han, H. (2018). Destination Attributes Influencing Chinese Travelers’ Perceptions of Experience Quality and Intentions for Island Tourism: A Case of Jeju Island. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28(2018), 71–82.

Morrison-Saunders, A., Hughes, M., Pope, J., Douglas, A., & Wessels, J. A. (2019). Understanding Visitor Expectations for Responsible Tourism in an Iconic National Park: Differences Between Local and International Visitors. Journal of Ecotourism, 18(3), 284–294.

Mouflis, G. D., Gitas, I. Z., Iliadou, S., & Mitri, G. H. (2008). Assessment of the Visual Impact of Marble Quarry Expansion (1984–2000) on the Landscape of Thasos Island, NE Greece. Landscape and Urban Planning, 86(1), 92–102.

Mudana, I. G., Sutama, I. K., & Widhari, C. I. S. (2017). Mendaki Gunung yang Disucikan: Perspektif Pariwisata, Lingkungan, dan Kebudayaan. Proceeding TEAM, 2(2017), 771–778.

Munawaroh, E., Purwanto, Y., Suryanto, J., Ajiningrum, P. S., & Priatna, D. (2018). Persepsi Lokal terhadap Perubahan Variabel Iklim dalam Mengelola SDAH dan Lingkungannya di Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup, 6(2), 22–26.

Muñoz-Pedreros, A. (2017). The Visual Landscape: An Important and Poorly Conserved Resource. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20(1), 165–182.

Nabilah, R., Pratiwi, R. A., & Vidyana, C. (2019). Analisis Pesepsi dan Preferensi di Embung A sebagai Komponen Pengelolaan Embung di Institut Teknologi Sumatera. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 11(2), 71–77.

Napsiah. (2016). Kontekstualisasi Kepercayaan Warga Lokal dalam Menjaga Lingkungan Gunung Merapi. Kontekstualita: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 31(1), 37–54.

Nassar, J. L. (1988). Environmental Aesthetic. Cambridge Univ Press.

Nasution, A. D., Veronica, S., Adriansyah, W. A., Priatna, B. D., Putra, N. P., Sinaga, F. A., Narisa, N., & Adrian, A. B. (2019). Kajian Genius Loci dalam Uji Signifikansi Kawasan Kesawan. EE Conference Series, 2(2019), 41–49.

Pikkemaat, B., & Weiermair, K. (2003). The aesthetic (design) orientated customer in tourism-implications for product development. EIASM 10th International Product Development Management Conference.

Portal Informasi Indonesia. (2020). Pengakuan UNESCO untuk Tiga Cagar Biosfer Indonesia. Portal Informasi Indonesia. https://indonesia.go.id/ragam/keanekaragaman-hayati/ekonomi/pengakuan-unesco-untuk-tiga-cagar-biosfer-indonesia.

Prathama, Y. R., & Elsiana, F. (2019). Resort Keluarga di Uluwatu, Bali. EDimensi Arsitektur Petra, 7(1), 785–792.

Qiu, Y., Gao, J., & Zhan, Q. (2011). The Study of Landscape Visual Impact Assessment in Mountain Tourism Area. 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science.

Ramaddin, Tadjuddah, M., & Oetama, D. (2019). Karakteristik Biologis Ikan Kerapu di Perairan Karang, Tomia Kabupaten Wakatobi Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, 4(3), 266–273.

Sabardi, L. (2013). Konstruksi Makna Yuridis Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Pasal 18B UUDN RI Tahun 1945 untuk Identifikasi Adanya Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 44(2), 170–196.

Sauer, C. O. (1963). Land and life: A selection from the writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer (J. Leighly (ed.)). Univ of California Press.

Sekuler, R., & Blake, R. (2001). Perception. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Silva, L., & Delicado, A. (2017). Wind farms and rural tourism. Moravian Geographical Reports. Moravian Geographical Reports, 25(4), 248–256.

Simonds, J. O., & Starke, B. W. (2006). Landscpae Architecture: A Manual of Site Planning and Design. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Subagio, C. A., & Samtoso, S. K. (2016). Hotel Resor di Senggigi, Lombok. EDimensi Arsitektur Petra, 4(2), 121–128.

Susilowati, E. (2017). Etnis Maritim dan Permasalahannya. Sabda: Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan, 7(1), 1–8.

Suyono, C. R. P. (2019). Mistisisme Tengger (Vol. 3). LKIS Yogyakarta.

Syahadat, R. M., Putra, P. T., Saleh, I., Patih, T., Sagala, A. R., & Thoifur, D. M. (2021). Visual Quality Protection of Ciboer Rice Fields to Maintain the Attraction of Bantar Agung Tourism Village. AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 7(1), 64–77.

Taylor, K. (2008). Landscape and Memory: cultural landscapes, intangible values and some thoughts on Asia. ICOMOS. http://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/139/1/77-wrVW-272.pdf

Triyoga, L. S. (2010). Merapi dan Orang Jawa. Gramedia.

Tsoutsos, T., Tsouchlaraki, A., Tsiropoulos, M., & Serpetsidakis, M. (2009). Visual impact evaluation of a wind park in a Greek island. Applied Energy, 86(4), 546–553.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2005). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

Vos, W., & Meekes, H. (1999). Trends in European Cultural Landscape Development: Perspectives for a Sustainable Future. Landscape and Urban Planning, 46(1–3), 3–14.

Wakatobi. Tourism Authority. (2019). Experiences, Wakatobi A Destination of Thousand. Wakatobi Tourism Authority & Rumah Kita Wakatobi.

Warizal. (2017). Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Untuk Pembangunan Hotel di Kota Bogor dalam Perspektif Peruntukan Tanah (Studi Kasus Hotel Amaroossa di Kota Bogor). Jurnal Hukum De’rechtsstaat, 3(1), 41–56.

Weaver, A. (2009). Tourism and Aesthetic design: Enchantment, Style and Commerce. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 7(3), 179–189.

Wolsink, M., & van de Wardt, J. W. (1989). Visual Impact Assessment: A Review of Dutch Research. EWEC’89 European Wind Energy Conference, 471–475.

Wu, H. C., Cheng, C. C., & Ai, C. H. (2018). A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Trust, Corporate Reputation, Experiential Satisfaction aAnd Behavioral Intentions for Cruise Tourists: the Case of Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 66(2018), 200–220.

Wu, H. C., Cheng, C. C., Chen, Y. C., & Hong, W. (2018). Towards Green Experiential Loyalty: Driving from Experiential Quality, Green Relationship Quality, Environmental Friendliness, Green Support and Green Desire. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1374–1397.

Yulianti, S. D., Adriani, H., & Syahadat, R. M. (2020). Daya Tarik Wisata di Kebun Raya Cibodas dalam Sudut Pandang Kualitas Visual. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 12(1), 33–40.

Yulius, Novianti, N., Arifin, T., Salim, H. L., Ramdhan, M., & Purbani, D. (2015). Distribusi Spasial Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Wangi-Wangi, Wakatobi. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 7(1), 59–69.

Zahari, A. M. (1977). Sejarah dan Adat Fiy Darul Butuni (Buton) I. Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Published
2021-10-28
How to Cite
Syahadat, R. M. (2021). REVIEW OF VISUAL AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES CONSERVATION IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF WAKATOBI REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE. Jurnal Infrastruktur , 7(2), 103 - 110. Retrieved from https://journal.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/infrastruktur/article/view/2428