MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND PERMEABILITY BEHAVIOR OF 41.4 MPA PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT CONCRETE UNDER SEAWATER EXPOSURE CONDITIONS

Nuraziz Handika; Hafiyya Izzah Aini; Jessica Sjah; Oktoria Masniari; Tri Eddy Susanto; Elfiranahla Chandra Dewi

doi:10.35814/wdm5q228

Authors

Nuraziz Handika Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-9246
Hafiyya Izzah Aini Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
Jessica Sjah Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
Oktoria Masniari Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk
Tri Eddy Susanto Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk
Elfiranahla Chandra Dewi Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35814/wdm5q228

Keywords:

Portland Composite Cement (PCC), Seawater Exposure, Concrete Durability, Concrete Durability, Compressive Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength, Permeability, Salinity Effects, Sustainable Construction, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

Abstract

This study examines the effects of seawater salinity on the mechanical and permeability properties of concrete made with Portland Composite Cement (PCC), a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with up to 30% lower CO₂ emissions. Concrete specimens were cured in water ponds with salinity levels of <0.1%, 0.2–0.4%, 0.6–0.7%, and 3–3.5% to simulate coastal exposure. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, permeability, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) were tested at 7, 28, 42, 56, and 90 days. Compressive strength generally increased with age, but the target of 41.4 MPa was not consistently reached by 42 days. High salinity exposure reduced tensile strength and produced more brittle fracture patterns, indicating increased cracking potential. Interestingly, permeability decreased in high-salinity samples, possibly due to salt crystallization within pores, though this was not supported by UPV results. The weak correlation between UPV and both strength and permeability suggest microstructural effects not captured by non-destructive testing alone. PCC concrete showed acceptable performance in low-salinity conditions (<1%), making it suitable for mildly aggressive marine environments. These findings support the broader use of PCC in sustainable construction and highlight the need for further microstructural investigation under saline exposure.

Author Biographies

Nuraziz Handika, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Hafiyya Izzah Aini, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Jessica Sjah, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Oktoria Masniari, Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

Department of Research & Development
Tri Eddy Susanto , Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

Department of Research & Development
Elfiranahla Chandra Dewi, Department of Research & Development, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

Department of Research & Development

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