Hubungan antara Optimisme dan Distres Psikologis pada Emerging Adults Miskin di DKI Jakarta
Abstract views: 1349 | PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) downloads: 2475
Abstract
The poor and emerging adults groups are vulnerable to psychological distress. This study aims to examine the relationship between optimism and psychological distress among poor emerging adults in DKI Jakarta. Optimism was measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and psychological distress measured by Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). The participants in this study were 261 with age range of 18-29 years old, consisting of 92 (35,2%) man and 169 (64,8%) women. With Pearson Correlation analysis, it was found that optimism had a significant relationship with psychological distress (r(259) = -0,161, p = 0,009, two-tailed) and r2 = 0,026.
References
Aiken, L. R., & Groth-Marnat, G. (2006). Psychological testing and assessment (12 ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Andersson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the life orientation test. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(5), 719-725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00118-3
Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood. USA: Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J. J., Zukauskiene, R., & Sugimura, K. (2014). The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18-29 years: implications for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry, 1(7), 569-576. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00080-7
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di DKI Jakarta, Maret 2018. Diakses dari https://jakarta.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2018/07/16/321/tingkat-kemiskinan-dan-ketimpangan--di-dki-jakarta--maret-2018-.html
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Penduduk, Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Distribusi Persentase Penduduk Kepadatan Penduduk, Rasio Jenis Kelamin Penduduk Menurut Provinsi/Kabupaten/Kota/Kecamatan. Diakses dari https://jakarta.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2019/11/11/69/3-1-1-penduduk-laju-pertumbuhan-penduduk-distribusi-persentase-penduduk-kepadatan-penduduk-rasio-jenis-kelamin-penduduk-menurut-provinsi-kabupaten-kota-kecamatan.html
Baird, M. (2016). Translating the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HSCL-25) into Dinka, A South Sudanese tribal language. International Journal for Translation and Interpreting Research,8(2), 96-109. DOI: 10.12807/ti.108202.2016.a07.
Bastianello, M., Pacico, J., & Hutz, C. (2014). Optimism, self-esteem and personality: adaptation and validation of the Brazilian Version Of The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). REVISTA PSICO-USF, 19, 523-531. doi:10.1590/1413-82712014019003014
Becchetti, L., & Castriota, S. (2008). Does money affect happiness and self-esteem? The poor borrowers' perspective in a quasi-natural experiment. Diakses dari https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ris:aiccon:2008_048
Berzin, S. C., & De Marco, A. C. (2009). Understanding the Impact of Poverty on Critical Events in Emerging Adulthood. Youth & Society, 42(2), 278-300. doi: 10.1177/0044118X09351909
Boehm, J. K., Chen, Y., Williams, D. R., Ryff, C., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2015). Unequally distributed psychological assets: are there social disparities in optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect? PLoS One, 10(2), e0118066-e0118066. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118066
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clin Psychol Rev, 30(7), 879-889. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
Chen, E., & Matthews, K. A. (2001). Cognitive appraisal biases: an approach to understanding the relation between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity in children. Ann Behav Med, 23(2), 101-111. doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2302_4
Christiani, C., Tedjo, P., & Martono, B. (2014). Analisis kepadatan penduduk terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Serat Acitya, 3(1).
Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Beaulieu-PreĢvost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of Psychological Distress. doi:10.5772/30872
Erdem, O., Van Lenthe, F. J., Prins, R. G., Voorham, T. A., & Burdorf, A. (2016). Socioeconomic Inequalities in Psychological Distress among Urban Adults: The Moderating Role of Neighborhood Social Cohesion. PLoS One, 11(6), e0157119. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157119
Gruebner, O., Rapp, M. A., Adli, M., Kluge, U., Galea, S., & Heinz, A. (2017). Cities and Mental Health. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 114(8), 121-127. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0121
Heinonen, K., Raikkonen, K., Matthews, K. A., Scheier, M. F., Raitakari, O. T., Pulkki, L., & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2006). Socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood: associations with dispositional optimism and pessimism over a 21-year follow-up. J Pers, 74(4), 1111-1126. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00404.x
Horwitz, A. V. (2007). Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health (London), 11(3), 273-289. doi:10.1177/1363459307077541
Isdijoso, W., Suryahadi, A., & Akhmadi. (2016). Penetapan kriteria dan variabel pendataan penduduk miskin yang komprehensif dalam rangka perlindungan penduduk miskin di kabupaten/kota. Diakses dari http://www.smeru.or.id/sites/default/files/publication/cbms_criteria_ind.pdf
Isma, M. N. P. (2013). Hubungan Optimisme dan Subjective Well-Being pada Pasien yang Sedang Menjalani Program Rehabilitasi Medik. (Skripsi Sarjana), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Jahanara, M. (2017). Optimism, Hope and Mental Health: Optimism, Hope, Psychological Well-Being and
Psychological Distress among Students, University of Pune, India International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 11(8), 451-455.
Kim, E. S., Smith, J., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2014). Prospective study of the association between dispositional optimism and incident heart failure. Circ Heart Fail, 7(3), 394-400. doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000644
Leung, J., Atherton, I., Kyle, R. G., Hubbard, G., & McLaughlin, D. (2016). Psychological distress, optimism and general health in breast cancer survivors: a data linkage study using the Scottish Health Survey. Support Care Cancer, 24(4), 1755-1761. doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2968-2
Liu, R. X., & Chen, Z. Y. (2012). Adverse school experiences and psychological distress: The moderating effects of gender and perceived parental support. Psychological Distress: Symptoms, Causes and Coping, 1-26.
Matthews, G. (2007). Distress. In G. Fink (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition) (pp. 838-843). New York: Academic Press.
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2002). Measurement for a human science. J Health Soc Behav, 43(2), 152-170.
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2003). Social causes of psychological distress. New York: Transaction Publishers.
Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: a meta-analytic review. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 10(3), 235-251. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3
Pane, H. (2017). The Social Problems of National Poverty and Criminality in Indonesia. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4. doi:10.18535/ijsshi/v4i8.23
Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2014). Experience human development (13th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education
Patel, V., & Kleinman, A. (2003). Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ, 81(8), 609-615.
Pinquart, M., Frohlich, C., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2007). Optimism, pessimism, and change of psychological well-being in cancer patients. Psychol Health Med, 12(4), 421-432. doi:10.1080/13548500601084271
Rajandram, R. K., Ho, S. M., Samman, N., Chan, N., McGrath, C., & Zwahlen, R. A. (2011). Interaction of hope and optimism with anxiety and depression in a specific group of cancer survivors: a preliminary study. BMC research notes, 4, 519-519. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-519.
Ramadhiani, A. (2017). Jakarta nomor 18 kota paling stres di dunia. Diakses dari https://properti.kompas.com/read/2017/10/30/090000621/jakarta-nomor-18-kota-paling-stres-di-dunia
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2007). Emerging Adulthood: Theory, Assessment and Application. Journal of Youth Development; Vol 2, No 1 (2007). doi:10.5195/jyd.2007.359
Ridner, S. H. (2004). Psychological distress: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs, 45(5), 536-545. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02938.x
Rojas, M. (2011). Poverty and psychological distress in Latin America. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(2), 206-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.01.014
Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (2006). Social Structure and Psychological Functioning. In J. Delamater (Ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 411-447). Boston, MA: Springer US.
Sandanger, I., Moum, T., Ingebrigtsen, G., Sorensen, T., Dalgard, O. S., & Bruusgaard, D. (1999). The meaning and significance of caseness: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. II. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34(1), 53-59. doi:10.1007/s001270050112
Scheier, M., & Carver, C. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 4, 219-247. doi:10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Soc Psychol, 67(6), 1063-1078. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063
Segerstrom, S. C., Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., & Fahey, J. L. (1998). Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress. J Pers Soc Psychol, 74(6), 1646-1655. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1646
Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Learned optimism: how to change your mind and your life. New York: Vintage Books.
Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress. Philadelphia; New York: J.B. Lippincott.
Taylor, Z. E., Widaman, K. F., Robins, R. W., Jochem, R., Early, D. R., & Conger, R. D. (2012). Dispositional optimism: a psychological resource for Mexican-origin mothers experiencing economic stress. Journal of family psychology, 26(1), 133-139. doi:10.1037/a0026755
Tran, T. V., & Dhooper, S. S. (1997). Poverty, Chronic Stress, Ethnicity and Psychological Distress Among Elderly Hispanics. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 27(4), 3-19. doi:10.1300/J083V27N04_02
Turnip, S. S., & Hauff, E. (2007). Household roles, poverty and psychological distress in internally displaced persons affected by violent conflicts in Indonesia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 42(12), 997-1004. doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0255-3
