ACT untuk Meningkatkan PGI Mahasiswa Sarjana yang Mengalami Depresi, Kecemasan, atau Stres
Abstract views: 530 | PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) downloads: 659
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention in improving personal growth initiative (PGI) in undergraduate students who experience depression, anxiety, or stress. Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), while PGI was measured using the Personal Growth Initiative Scale II (PGIS-II). One-group pretest-posttest design with additional follow-up measurement were used in this study. Assessments were conducted before, after and two weeks after the intervention was implemented. The web-based ACT intervention was carried out for one month using Universitas Indonesia's Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) system and consisted of eight sessions. Data processing using Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed that PGI significantly increased (p < 0.017) following the web-based ACT intervention. This study also showed that the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of undergraduate students significantly reduced (p < 0.017) following the web-based ACT intervention.
References
Amir, Y. (2017). Peranan religiusitas dan keyakinan pada nilai islam progresif dalam inisiatif pertumbuhan diri [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Indonesia]. Universitas Indonesia Library.
Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W. G., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., . . . Bruffaerts, R. (2016). Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 46, 2955–2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001665
Brown, M., Glendenning, A., Hoon, A. E., & John, A. (2016). Effectiveness of web-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy in relation to mental health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e221. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6200
Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Greenm J. G., Nock, M. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2018). Mental health problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.044
CNN Indonesia (2021a, October 8). Diduga stres kuliah, mahasiswa palembang lompat bunuh diri. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20211008215047-20-705452/diduga-stres-kuliah-mahasiswa-palembang-lompat-bunuh-diri.
CNN Indonesia (2021b, October 22). Diduga stres tugas kuliah, mahasiswi di yogya bunuh diri. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20211022132907-12-710976/diduga-stres-tugas-kuliah-mahasiswi-di-yogya-bunuh-diri.
Danitz, S. B., Orsillo, S. M., Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2018). The relationship between personal growth and psychological functioning in individuals treated in a partial hospital setting. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22627
Damanik, E., D. (2006). Pengujian reliabilitas, validitas, analisis item dan pembuatan norma Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS): Berdasarkan penelitian pada kelompok sampel Yogyakarta dan Bantul yang mengalami gempa bumi dan kelompok sampel Jakarta dan sekitarnya yang tidak mengalami gempa bumi [Master’s thesis, Universitas Indonesia]. Universitas Indonesia Library.
Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Forest, C. (2014). Gender differences in the age-cohort distribution of psychological distress in canadian adults: Findings from a national longitudinal survey. BMC Psychology, 2(25). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-014-0025-4
GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. (in press). Global, regional, and national burden of mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019. The Lancet Psychiatry.
Haggins, S., E. (2005) Individual differences in decision-making styles: An examination of personal growth initiative and coping in college students [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Georgia]. UGA ETD.
Hardin, E., Weigold, I. K., Robitschek, C., & Nixon, A. E. (2007). Self-discrepancy and distress: The role of personal growth initiative. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(1), 86-92.
Harris, R. (2009) ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
Hayes, S. C., & Strosahl, K. D. (Eds.). (2004). A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Herrman, H., Stewart, D. E., Diaz-Granados, N., Berger, E. L., Jackson, B., & Yuen, T. (2011). What is resilience? The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105600504
ILMPI (2020, January 14). Layanan kesehatan mental di lingkungan kampus: Urgensi dan solusi. ILMPI. http://ilmpi.org/artikel-kajian/artikel/layanan-kesehatan-mental-di-lingkungan-kampus-urgensi-dan-solusi/
Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R. P., Bantjes, J., Bruffaerts, R., Ebert, D. D., Hasking, P., Kiekens, G., Lee, S., McLafferty, M., Mak, A., Mortier, P., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., & Kessler, R. C. (2020). Sources of stress and their associations with mental disorders among college students: Results of the world health organization world mental health surveys international college student initiative. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759
Kelson, J., Rollin, A., Ridout, B., & Campbell, A. (2019). Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety treatment: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(1), e12530. https://doi.org/10.2196/12530
Kocabas, E. O., & Üstündağ‐Budak, M. (2017). Validation skills in counselling and psychotherapy. International Journal of Scientific Study, 5(8), 319-322
Lappalainen, P., Langrial, S., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2015). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for depressive symptoms with minimal support. Behavior Modification, 39(6), 805–834. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445515598142
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J. A., Pierce, B. G., & Twohig, M. P. (2016). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students. Behavior Modification, 41(1), 141–162.
Lovibond, P.F. & Lovibond, S.H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343.
Luyckx, K. & Robitschek, C. (2014). Personal growth initiative and identity formation in adolescence through young adulthood: Mediating processes on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 973-981.
Morgan, A. J., Rapee, R. M., & Bayer, J. K. (2017). Increasing response rates to follow-up questionnaires in health intervention research: Randomized controlled trial of a gift card prize incentive. Clinical Trials, 14(4), 381–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774517703320
Robitschek, C. (1998). Personal growth initiative: The construct and its measure. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30(4), 183–198.
Robitschek, C., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). Keyes's model of mental health with personal growth initiative as a parsimonious predictor. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013954
Robitschek, C., Ashton, M. W., Spering, C. C., Geiger, N., Byers, D., Schotts, G. C., & Thoen, M. (2012). Development and psychometric properties of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale – II. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 274-287. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027310
Syafei, F., R. (2019, September 3). Mahasiswa itb ditemukan gantung diri di kamar indekos. AyoBandung. https://www.ayobandung.com/bandung/pr-79661092/mahasiswa-itb-ditemukan-gantung-diri-di-kamar-indekos?page=all
Thong, V. (2018). From risk to resilience: Examining resilience and personal growth initiative in first-generation college students [Doctoral dissertation, Texas Christian University]. TCU Digital Repository.
Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 40(4), 751–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.009
Villarroel, M. A. & Terlizzi, E. P. (2020). Symptoms of depression among adults: United States, 2019. NCHS Data Brief, (379), 1-8.
Weigold, I. K.; Boyle, R. A.; Weigold, A., Antonucci, S. Z., Mitchell, H. B., Martin-Wagar, C. A. (2018). Personal growth initiative in the therapeutic process: An exploratory study. The Counseling Psychologist, 46(4),481-504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000018774541
Whittaker, A. E., & Robitschek, C. (2001). Multidimensional family functioning: Predicting personal growth initiative. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(4), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.48.4.420
World Health Organization. (2011). Global burden of mental disorders and the need for a comprehensive, coordinated response from health and social sectors at the country level. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB130/B130_9-en.pdf
World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf
