Pengaruh Perceived Discrimination terhadap Psychological Well-Being dengan Self-Esteem sebagai Mediator: Studi terhadap Pekerja dengan Preferensi Seksual LGBT di DKI Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35814/mindset.v13i02.3823Kata Kunci:
perceived discrimination, preferensi seksual LGBT, psychological well-being, self-esteemAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perceived discrimination terhadap psychological well-being pada pekerja dengan preferensi seksual LGBT (lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender) di DKI Jakarta, dan apakah self-esteem memiliki peran sebagai mediator dalam hubungan pengaruh tersebut. Responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 90 orang yang terdiri dari 9 orang dengan preferensi seksual lesbian, 29 orang dengan preferensi seksual homoseksual, 30 orang dengan memiliki preferensi seksual biseksual, dan sebanyak 22 orang transgender. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang mengkaji pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel tergantung serta mengkaji variabel yang diperkirakan menjadi variabel mediator di antara keduanya. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis regresi, diketahui bahwa perceived discrimination berpengaruh negatif terhadap psychological well-being (t = -9,795; p < 0,005), dan self-esteem berpengaruh positif terhadap psychological well-being (t = 10,902; p < 0,05). Hal ini membuktikan dugaan bahwa perceived discrimination dapat menurunkan, sementara self-esteem dapat meningkatkan psychological well-being yang dimiliki pekerja dengan preferensi seksual LGBT di DKI Jakarta. Sementara itu, melalui hasil analisis process dari Hayes (2017) dengan menggunakan SPSS, didapatkan hasil yang sama-sama signifikan, baik dalam perhitungan total effect maupun perhitungan direct effect. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa self-esteem memediasi secara parsial pengaruh perceived discrimination terhadap psychological well-being.
Referensi
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Andi Ibrahim, Asrul Haq Alang, Madi, Baharuddin, Muhammad Aswar Ahmad, Darmawati. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian. Depok: Gunadarma Ilmu.
Azwar. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bontempo, D. E., & D’augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 364–374. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00415-3
Epstein, Dawn E et al. 2013. “Determinants and Consequences of Adherence to the DASH Diet in African American and White Adults with High Blood Pressure: Results from the ENCORE Trial.” 112(11): 1763–73.
Erdianto, Kristian. 2016. “Arus Pelangi Catat 142 Serangan Terhadap LGBT Pada Awal Tahun Ini.” Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/11/20580231/arus.pelangi.catat.142.serangan.terhadap.lgbt.pada.awal.tahun.ini.
Hendryadi, Hendryadi. 2017. “Validitas Isi: Tahap Awal Pengembangan Kuesioner.” Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2(2): 169–78.
Hurlock. 1996. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Iskandar. 2016. “Implementasi Teori Hirarki Kebutuhan Abraham Maslow Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Pustakawan.” Khizanah Al-Hikmah 4(1): 24–34.
Jang, Yuri, David A. Chiriboga, and Brent J. Small. 2008. “Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sense of Control.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 66(3): 213–27.
Jia, Xuji et al. 2017. “Perceived Discrimination and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Migrant Adolescents : Collective and Personal Self-Esteem As Mediators.” 8(July): 1–10.
Larasati, Ajeng. 2019. Kelompok Minoritas Seksual Terpaan Pelanggaran HAM. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat.
Linggasari, Yohannie. 2015. “Survei UGM: Pemerintah Belum Lindungi Pekerja LGBT.” CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150430211435-20-50420/survei-ugm-pemerintah-belum-lindungi-pekerja-lgbt.
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Mruk, Christopher J. 2008. “The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A Potential Common Ground for Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positivistic Positive Psychology.” Humanistic Psychologist 36(2): 143–58.
MUI. 2014. “LESBIAN, GAY, SODOMI, DAN PENCABULAN.” FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: 57. https://lampung.kemenag.go.id/files/lampung/file/file/MUI/xdob1460683589.pdf.
Nutthakornkul, Prawichaya. 2015. “Self-Esteem of Male Homosexual Students.” International Journal of Education and Research 3(4): 297–306. https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/April-2015/25.pdf.
Pascoe, Elizabeth A., and Laura Smart Richman. 2009. “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 135(4): 531–54.
Polish, Jay. 2021. “What The History Of Pride Month Means For Celebrations Today.” Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/life/pride-month-origins-history.
Prawesti, Ferdiana Suniya, and Damajanti Kusuma Dewi. 2016. “Self Esteem Dan Self Disclosure Pada Mahasiswa Psikologi Pengguna Blackberry Messenger.” Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7(1): 1.
Ridwan, Septiana, and Milda Yanuvianti. 2020. “Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Psychological Well-Being Pada Waria Di Kota Bandung.” Prosiding Psikologi: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba 6(2): 860–64.
Rivers, I. (2001). The bullying of sexual minorities at school: Its nature and long-term correlates. Educational & Child Psychology, 18, 32–46.
Ryff, Carol D. 1989. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” American Journal of Managed Care 22(7): 495–96.
Ryff, Carol D, and Corey Lee M Keyes. 1995. “The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited.” 69(4): 719–27.
Sari, Citra Multika. 2017. “Diskriminasi Odha Di Kota Tanjungpinang.”
Schmitt, Michael T, Nyla R Branscombe, and Amber Garcia. 2014. “The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being : A Meta-Analytic Review.” 140(2).
Siregar, Syofian. 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dilengkapi Dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Jakarta: PT Fajar Interpratama Mandiri.
Srisayekti, Wilis, dan David A Setiady. 2015. “Harga-Diri (Self-Esteem) Terancam Dan Perilaku Menghindar.” Jurnal Psikologi 42(2): 141.
Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Cetakan 9. Bandung: Alfabeta, cv.
Sutin, Angelina R., Yannick Stephan, Henry Carretta, and Antonio Terracciano. 2015. “Perceived Discrimination and Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Health in Older Adulthood.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23(2): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.007.
Volkonskaya, Anzhelika. 2019. “Moving One Step Closer to Better Health and Rights for Transgender People.” World Health Organization. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/news/news/2019/5/moving-one-step-closer-to-better-health-and-rights-for-transgender-people.
Wahyuningsih, Agustin, and Endang R. Surjaningrum. 2013. “Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Orang Dengan Lupus (Odapus ) Wanita Usia Dewasa Awal Berstatus Menikah.” JURNAL Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental 1(3): 154–61.
Alwilson. 2018. Psikologi Kepribadian (Edisi Revisi). Malang: UMM Press.
Andi Ibrahim, Asrul Haq Alang, Madi, Baharuddin, Muhammad Aswar Ahmad, Darmawati. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian. Depok: Gunadarma Ilmu.
Azwar. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Epstein, Dawn E et al. 2013. “Determinants and Consequences of Adherence to the DASH Diet in African American and White Adults with High Blood Pressure: Results from the ENCORE Trial.” 112(11): 1763–73.
Erdianto, Kristian. 2016. “Arus Pelangi Catat 142 Serangan Terhadap LGBT Pada Awal Tahun Ini.” Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/11/20580231/arus.pelangi.catat.142.serangan.terhadap.lgbt.pada.awal.tahun.ini.
Hayes, A. F. 2017. Introduction to mediation,
moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guilford.
Hendryadi, Hendryadi. 2017. “Validitas Isi: Tahap Awal Pengembangan Kuesioner.” Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2(2): 169–78.
Hjelle. Ziegler. 1992. Personality Theories. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Hurlock. 1996. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Iskandar. 2016. “IMPLEMENTASI TEORI HIRARKI KEBUTUHAN ABRAHAM MASLOW TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN.” Khizanah Al-Hikmah 4(1): 24–34.
Jang, Yuri, David A. Chiriboga, and Brent J. Small. 2008. “Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sense of Control.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 66(3): 213–27.
Jia, Xuji et al. 2017. “Perceived Discrimination and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Migrant Adolescents : Collective and Personal Self-Esteem As Mediators.” 8(July): 1–10.
Kosciw, J. G., Diaz, E. M., & Greytak, E. A. (2008). The 2007 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York and Washington: Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network.
Larasati, Ajeng. 2019. Kelompok Minoritas Seksual Terpaan Pelanggaran HAM. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat.
Linggasari, Yohannie. 2015. “Survei UGM: Pemerintah Belum Lindungi Pekerja LGBT.” CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150430211435-20-50420/survei-ugm-pemerintah-belum-lindungi-pekerja-lgbt.
Merlyn Sopjan. 2006. Perempuan Tanpa V. Cetakan II. Yogyakarta: Galangprees (Anggota IKAPI).
Michener, H.A & DeLamater, J.D. 1999. Social Psychology. Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth.
Milne, Alan B. 2002. “Decomposing Global Self-Esteem.” Journal of Personality 70(4): 443–84.
Mruk, Christopher J. 2008. “The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A Potential Common Ground for Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positivistic Positive Psychology.” Humanistic Psychologist 36(2): 143–58.
MUI. 2014. “LESBIAN, GAY, SODOMI, DAN PENCABULAN.” FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: 57. https://lampung.kemenag.go.id/files/lampung/file/file/MUI/xdob1460683589.pdf.
Nutthakornkul, Prawichaya. 2015. “Self-Esteem of Male Homosexual Students.” International Journal of Education and Research 3(4): 297–306. https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/April-2015/25.pdf.
Pascoe, Elizabeth A., and Laura Smart Richman. 2009. “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 135(4): 531–54.
Polish, Jay. 2021. “What The History Of Pride Month Means For Celebrations Today.” Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/life/pride-month-origins-history.
Prawesti, Ferdiana Suniya, and Damajanti Kusuma Dewi. 2016. “Self Esteem Dan Self Disclosure Pada Mahasiswa Psikologi Pengguna Blackberry Messenger.” Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7(1): 1.
Ridwan, Septiana, and Milda Yanuvianti. 2020. “Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Psychological Well-Being Pada Waria Di Kota Bandung.” Prosiding Psikologi: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba 6(2): 860–64.
Ryff, Carol D. 1989. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” American Journal of Managed Care 22(7): 495–96.
Ryff, Carol D, and Corey Lee M Keyes. 1995. “The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited.” 69(4): 719–27.
Sari, Citra Multika. 2017. “Diskriminasi Odha Di Kota Tanjungpinang.”
Schmitt, Michael T, Nyla R Branscombe, and Amber Garcia. 2014. “The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being : A Meta-Analytic Review.” 140(2).
Siregar, Syofian. 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dilengkapi Dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Jakarta: PT Fajar Interpratama Mandiri.
Srisayekti, Wilis, and David A Setiady. 2015. “Harga-Diri (Self-Esteem) Terancam Dan Perilaku Menghindar.” Jurnal Psikologi 42(2): 141.
Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Cetakan 9. Bandung: Alfabeta, cv.
Sutin, Angelina R., Yannick Stephan, Henry Carretta, and Antonio Terracciano. 2015. “Perceived Discrimination and Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Health in Older Adulthood.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23(2): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.007.
Volkonskaya, Anzhelika. 2019. “Moving One Step Closer to Better Health and Rights for Transgender People.” World Health Organization. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/news/news/2019/5/moving-one-step-closer-to-better-health-and-rights-for-transgender-people.
Wahyuningsih, Agustin, and Endang R. Surjaningrum. 2013. “Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Orang Dengan Lupus ( Odapus ) Wanita Usia Dewasa Awal Berstatus Menikah.” JURNAL Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental 1(3): 154–61.
Ziegler, Hjelle. 1992. Personality Theories. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Andi Ibrahim, Asrul Haq Alang, Madi, Baharuddin, Muhammad Aswar Ahmad, Darmawati. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian. Depok: Gunadarma Ilmu.
Azwar. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bontempo, D. E., & D’augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 364–374. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00415-3
Epstein, Dawn E et al. 2013. “Determinants and Consequences of Adherence to the DASH Diet in African American and White Adults with High Blood Pressure: Results from the ENCORE Trial.” 112(11): 1763–73.
Erdianto, Kristian. 2016. “Arus Pelangi Catat 142 Serangan Terhadap LGBT Pada Awal Tahun Ini.” Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/11/20580231/arus.pelangi.catat.142.serangan.terhadap.lgbt.pada.awal.tahun.ini.
Hendryadi, Hendryadi. 2017. “Validitas Isi: Tahap Awal Pengembangan Kuesioner.” Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2(2): 169–78.
Hurlock. 1996. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Iskandar. 2016. “Implementasi Teori Hirarki Kebutuhan Abraham Maslow Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Pustakawan.” Khizanah Al-Hikmah 4(1): 24–34.
Jang, Yuri, David A. Chiriboga, and Brent J. Small. 2008. “Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sense of Control.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 66(3): 213–27.
Jia, Xuji et al. 2017. “Perceived Discrimination and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Migrant Adolescents : Collective and Personal Self-Esteem As Mediators.” 8(July): 1–10.
Larasati, Ajeng. 2019. Kelompok Minoritas Seksual Terpaan Pelanggaran HAM. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat.
Linggasari, Yohannie. 2015. “Survei UGM: Pemerintah Belum Lindungi Pekerja LGBT.” CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150430211435-20-50420/survei-ugm-pemerintah-belum-lindungi-pekerja-lgbt.
Merlyn Sopjan. 2006. Perempuan Tanpa V. Cetakan II. Yogyakarta: Galangprees (Anggota IKAPI).
Michener, H.A & DeLamater, J.D. 1999. Social Psychology. Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth.
Milne, Alan B. 2002. “Decomposing Global Self-Esteem.” Journal of Personality 70(4): 443–84.
Mruk, Christopher J. 2008. “The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A Potential Common Ground for Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positivistic Positive Psychology.” Humanistic Psychologist 36(2): 143–58.
MUI. 2014. “LESBIAN, GAY, SODOMI, DAN PENCABULAN.” FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: 57. https://lampung.kemenag.go.id/files/lampung/file/file/MUI/xdob1460683589.pdf.
Nutthakornkul, Prawichaya. 2015. “Self-Esteem of Male Homosexual Students.” International Journal of Education and Research 3(4): 297–306. https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/April-2015/25.pdf.
Pascoe, Elizabeth A., and Laura Smart Richman. 2009. “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 135(4): 531–54.
Polish, Jay. 2021. “What The History Of Pride Month Means For Celebrations Today.” Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/life/pride-month-origins-history.
Prawesti, Ferdiana Suniya, and Damajanti Kusuma Dewi. 2016. “Self Esteem Dan Self Disclosure Pada Mahasiswa Psikologi Pengguna Blackberry Messenger.” Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7(1): 1.
Ridwan, Septiana, and Milda Yanuvianti. 2020. “Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Psychological Well-Being Pada Waria Di Kota Bandung.” Prosiding Psikologi: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba 6(2): 860–64.
Rivers, I. (2001). The bullying of sexual minorities at school: Its nature and long-term correlates. Educational & Child Psychology, 18, 32–46.
Ryff, Carol D. 1989. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” American Journal of Managed Care 22(7): 495–96.
Ryff, Carol D, and Corey Lee M Keyes. 1995. “The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited.” 69(4): 719–27.
Sari, Citra Multika. 2017. “Diskriminasi Odha Di Kota Tanjungpinang.”
Schmitt, Michael T, Nyla R Branscombe, and Amber Garcia. 2014. “The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being : A Meta-Analytic Review.” 140(2).
Siregar, Syofian. 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dilengkapi Dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Jakarta: PT Fajar Interpratama Mandiri.
Srisayekti, Wilis, dan David A Setiady. 2015. “Harga-Diri (Self-Esteem) Terancam Dan Perilaku Menghindar.” Jurnal Psikologi 42(2): 141.
Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Cetakan 9. Bandung: Alfabeta, cv.
Sutin, Angelina R., Yannick Stephan, Henry Carretta, and Antonio Terracciano. 2015. “Perceived Discrimination and Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Health in Older Adulthood.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23(2): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.007.
Volkonskaya, Anzhelika. 2019. “Moving One Step Closer to Better Health and Rights for Transgender People.” World Health Organization. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/news/news/2019/5/moving-one-step-closer-to-better-health-and-rights-for-transgender-people.
Wahyuningsih, Agustin, and Endang R. Surjaningrum. 2013. “Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Orang Dengan Lupus (Odapus ) Wanita Usia Dewasa Awal Berstatus Menikah.” JURNAL Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental 1(3): 154–61.
Alwilson. 2018. Psikologi Kepribadian (Edisi Revisi). Malang: UMM Press.
Andi Ibrahim, Asrul Haq Alang, Madi, Baharuddin, Muhammad Aswar Ahmad, Darmawati. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian. Depok: Gunadarma Ilmu.
Azwar. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Epstein, Dawn E et al. 2013. “Determinants and Consequences of Adherence to the DASH Diet in African American and White Adults with High Blood Pressure: Results from the ENCORE Trial.” 112(11): 1763–73.
Erdianto, Kristian. 2016. “Arus Pelangi Catat 142 Serangan Terhadap LGBT Pada Awal Tahun Ini.” Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/11/20580231/arus.pelangi.catat.142.serangan.terhadap.lgbt.pada.awal.tahun.ini.
Hayes, A. F. 2017. Introduction to mediation,
moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guilford.
Hendryadi, Hendryadi. 2017. “Validitas Isi: Tahap Awal Pengembangan Kuesioner.” Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2(2): 169–78.
Hjelle. Ziegler. 1992. Personality Theories. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Hurlock. 1996. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Iskandar. 2016. “IMPLEMENTASI TEORI HIRARKI KEBUTUHAN ABRAHAM MASLOW TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN.” Khizanah Al-Hikmah 4(1): 24–34.
Jang, Yuri, David A. Chiriboga, and Brent J. Small. 2008. “Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sense of Control.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 66(3): 213–27.
Jia, Xuji et al. 2017. “Perceived Discrimination and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Migrant Adolescents : Collective and Personal Self-Esteem As Mediators.” 8(July): 1–10.
Kosciw, J. G., Diaz, E. M., & Greytak, E. A. (2008). The 2007 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York and Washington: Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network.
Larasati, Ajeng. 2019. Kelompok Minoritas Seksual Terpaan Pelanggaran HAM. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat.
Linggasari, Yohannie. 2015. “Survei UGM: Pemerintah Belum Lindungi Pekerja LGBT.” CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150430211435-20-50420/survei-ugm-pemerintah-belum-lindungi-pekerja-lgbt.
Merlyn Sopjan. 2006. Perempuan Tanpa V. Cetakan II. Yogyakarta: Galangprees (Anggota IKAPI).
Michener, H.A & DeLamater, J.D. 1999. Social Psychology. Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth.
Milne, Alan B. 2002. “Decomposing Global Self-Esteem.” Journal of Personality 70(4): 443–84.
Mruk, Christopher J. 2008. “The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A Potential Common Ground for Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positivistic Positive Psychology.” Humanistic Psychologist 36(2): 143–58.
MUI. 2014. “LESBIAN, GAY, SODOMI, DAN PENCABULAN.” FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA: 57. https://lampung.kemenag.go.id/files/lampung/file/file/MUI/xdob1460683589.pdf.
Nutthakornkul, Prawichaya. 2015. “Self-Esteem of Male Homosexual Students.” International Journal of Education and Research 3(4): 297–306. https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/April-2015/25.pdf.
Pascoe, Elizabeth A., and Laura Smart Richman. 2009. “Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 135(4): 531–54.
Polish, Jay. 2021. “What The History Of Pride Month Means For Celebrations Today.” Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/life/pride-month-origins-history.
Prawesti, Ferdiana Suniya, and Damajanti Kusuma Dewi. 2016. “Self Esteem Dan Self Disclosure Pada Mahasiswa Psikologi Pengguna Blackberry Messenger.” Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7(1): 1.
Ridwan, Septiana, and Milda Yanuvianti. 2020. “Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Psychological Well-Being Pada Waria Di Kota Bandung.” Prosiding Psikologi: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba 6(2): 860–64.
Ryff, Carol D. 1989. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” American Journal of Managed Care 22(7): 495–96.
Ryff, Carol D, and Corey Lee M Keyes. 1995. “The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited.” 69(4): 719–27.
Sari, Citra Multika. 2017. “Diskriminasi Odha Di Kota Tanjungpinang.”
Schmitt, Michael T, Nyla R Branscombe, and Amber Garcia. 2014. “The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being : A Meta-Analytic Review.” 140(2).
Siregar, Syofian. 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dilengkapi Dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Jakarta: PT Fajar Interpratama Mandiri.
Srisayekti, Wilis, and David A Setiady. 2015. “Harga-Diri (Self-Esteem) Terancam Dan Perilaku Menghindar.” Jurnal Psikologi 42(2): 141.
Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Cetakan 9. Bandung: Alfabeta, cv.
Sutin, Angelina R., Yannick Stephan, Henry Carretta, and Antonio Terracciano. 2015. “Perceived Discrimination and Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Health in Older Adulthood.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23(2): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.007.
Volkonskaya, Anzhelika. 2019. “Moving One Step Closer to Better Health and Rights for Transgender People.” World Health Organization. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/news/news/2019/5/moving-one-step-closer-to-better-health-and-rights-for-transgender-people.
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2022-12-12
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Pengaruh Perceived Discrimination terhadap Psychological Well-Being dengan Self-Esteem sebagai Mediator: Studi terhadap Pekerja dengan Preferensi Seksual LGBT di DKI Jakarta. (2022). Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MIND SET, 13(02), 142-157. https://doi.org/10.35814/mindset.v13i02.3823
