Comparative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Solvent Fractions from Piper betle L., Morinda citrifolia L., and Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58511/zr482423Keywords:
ACE inhibition, antihypertensive, Piper betle, Morinda citrifolia, Dracaena angustifoliaAbstract
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition remains a key strategy for its management. The present study aimed to compare the ACE inhibitory activity of solvent fractions obtained from Piper betle L. leaves, Morinda citrifolia L. fruits, and Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. leaves. Ethanolic extracts were fractionated by liquid–liquid partitioning using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Fraction yields were determined, and in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was evaluated at 100 µg/mL using the ACE Kit–WST assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch ANOVA followed by the Games–Howell post hoc test. The aqueous fractions consistently produced the highest yields (56.10–87.99%), whereas the ethyl acetate fractions yielded the lowest amounts (5.15–14.47%). ACE inhibitory activity varied markedly among fractions, ranging from 28.23 ± 1.91% to 95.88 ± 0.89%. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. betle exhibited the strongest ACE inhibitory activity (95.88 ± 0.89%) and showed no significant difference from captopril (p = 0.103). In contrast, the highest activities of M. citrifolia and D. angustifolia were observed in the ethyl acetate (51.35 ± 0.94%) and n-hexane (59.68 ± 3.30%) fractions, respectively. These findings demonstrate that solvent fractionation effectively enriches ACE-inhibitory constituents and identify the ethyl acetate fraction of P. betle as a promising source of natural ACE inhibitors for further antihypertensive drug development.
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